Intrinsic viscosity example problem

Cationic water-dissolved polyelectrolytes find wide application in industry different fields, namely, for the ecological problems solution [34]. For understanding these polymers action mechanism and synthesis processes it is necessary to define their molecular characteristics and water solutions properties too [35]. Therefore, the authors [36] performed description of cationic polyelectrolytes in solution behavior within the framework of fractal analysis on the example of copolymer of acrylamide with trimethylammonium methacrylate chloride (PAA-TMAC). The data [35] for four copolymer PAA-TMAC with TMAC contents of 8, 25, 50 and 100 mol. % were used. In Ref [35] the equations Maik-Kuhn-Hou-wink type were obtained, which linked intrinsic viscosity [q] (the Eq. (1)) and macromolecular coil gyration radius with average weight molecular weight of polymer [35] ... 

Anomalous changes are frequently noted for fractions across the broad molecular weight distribution(s). For example, k + k" / 0.5 —see references (3) and (4). Intrinsic viscosity parameters as a function of percent acetone in E2 solvent are plotted in figure 3 of reference (3) for several PNF fractions. Many other values are tabulated by Hagnauer and Schneider in this reference along with many other solution parameters. Recently, the solution properties of polyphosphazenes have been critically reviewed. Besides polymer quality, there have been problems with tailing" in the fractionation of fluorinated polyphosphazenes as pointed out in reference (15). The quality polymers s)mthesized since the should... 

One way to overcome such problems is to consider solvent(l)/polymer(2)/ polymer(3) ternary systems any method that determines either AG or its derivatives should make it possible to calculate Xi3- Thus, for example, osmotic pressure measurements were used to characterize PS/PVME blends dissolved in either toluene or ethylbenzene (Shiomi et al. 1985). The Xi3 was found to depend on the blends composition. Elimination of the solvent effects gave X23/E1 = —10 (7.41 — 11.0103). Thus, the system was expected to remain miscible up to a PVME volume fraction of 03 = 0.67. Osmotic pressure has also been used to determine X23 = 0.070 for PS with poly(p-chloro styrene) in toluene, 2-butanone, and cumene (Ogawa et al. 1986). For the same system, X23 = 0.087 was calculated from intrinsic viscosity measurements. Thus, the system is thermodynamically immiscible. More recently, osmotic pressure measurements in cyclohexanone of a ternary system resulted in X23ipoly(vinylchloride-co-vinylacetate) blends with a series of acrylic copolymers (Sato et al. 1997). 

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