Intracellular trafficking synaptic vesicles

Neurons constitute the most striking example of membrane polarization. A single neuron typically maintains thousands of discrete, functional microdomains, each with a distinctive protein complement, location and lifetime. Synaptic terminals are highly specialized for the vesicle cycling that underlies neurotransmitter release and neurotrophin uptake. The intracellular trafficking of a specialized type of transport vesicles in the presynaptic terminal, known as synaptic vesicles, underlies the ability of neurons to receive, process and transmit information. The axonal plasma membrane is specialized for transmission of the action potential, whereas the plasma... 

Presently, it cannot be excluded that despite the apparently highly specific function of certain Rabs in intracellular trafficking pathways there is redundancy with respect to vesicle docking in the synapse. The surprising diversity of Rabs on highly purified synaptic vesicles (more than 30 different Rabs) supports the view that multiple Rabs are required for synaptic vesicle recycling, which may have overlapping functions. 

Several types of evidence suggest that myosin V also participates In the Intracellular transport of membrane-bounded vesicles. For example, mutations In the myosin V gene In yeast disrupt protein secretion and lead to an accumulation of vesicles In the c rt oplasm. Vertebrate brain tissue Is rich In myosin V, which Is concentrated on Golgi stacks. This association with membranes Is consistent with the effects of myosin V mutations In mice. Such mutations are associated with defects In synaptic transmission and eventually cause death from seizures. Myosin VI also Is Implicated In membrane trafficking of vesicles. 

Intracellular a-Synuclein Binds to Synaptic Vesicles and Regulates Vesicle Trafficking, Docking, 10.8 Electrophysiological Studies of Oligomeric a-Synuclein Channels 239... 

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