Interstitial fibrosis chronic cyclosporine nephrotox

Nephrotoxicity is a common toxicity and significant problem associated with the use of cyclosporine in humans. Three types of nephrotoxicity have been observed in patients receiving cyclosporine (1) an acute, reversible renal failure (2) acute vasculopathy or thrombotic microangiopathy and (3) chronic renal failure with interstitial fibrosis that may not be reversible. 

The immunosuppressive drug cyclosporine A (CSA) has revolutionized transplant medicine. However, CSA induced-nephrotoxicity still represents a major therapeutic challenge. Chronic CSA nephropathy is characterized by a decrease in glomerular filtration rate (GFR), tubular atrophy, interstitial fibrosis and progressive renal dysfunction. It is difficult to delineate the mechanisms of CSA toxicity from clinical data since the majority of clinical experiences with CSA have been in renal transplant recipients. Animal models of CSA nephropathy have brought some insights, how-... 

---