Interpenetrating polymer networks stabilization

Hyperbranched polyurethanes are constructed using phenol-blocked trifunctional monomers in combination with 4-methylbenzyl alcohol for end capping. Polyurethane interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs) are mixtures of two cross-linked polymer networks, prepared by latex blending, sequential polymerization, or simultaneous polymerization. IPNs have improved mechanical properties, as well as thermal stabilities, compared to the single cross-linked polymers. In pseudo-lPN s, only one of the involved polymers is cross-linked. Numerous polymers are involved in the formation of polvurcthanc-dcnvcd IPNs,... 

In order achieve the demands of expanded applications, new additives for surface modifications were developed. These additives are often fluoro compounds [13], sometimes fluoroalkylsilanes [14], and in many cases alkylsilanes. When these additives are incorporated into a polymer matrix, the extremely valuable properties of these chemicals like chemical inertness, thermo-oxidative stability, and resistance against water can be transferred to the whole polymer system. This incorporation can either be achieved by chemical bonding to the resin matrix or by formation of an interpenetrating polymer network. 

Li F, Ketelaar T, Marcelis ATM, Leermakers FAM, Cohen Stuart MA, Sudholter EJR (2007) Stabilization of polymersome vesicles by an interpenetrating polymer network. Macromolecules 40 329-333... 

Kumar, H., Anilkumar, A., and Siddaramaiah. 2006. Physico-mechanical, thermal and morphological behaviour of PU/PMMA semi interpenetrating polymer networks. Polymer Degradation and Stability 91 1097-1104. 

Semi-interpenetrating polymer network membranes based on sulfonated polyimide-siloxane and epoxy polymers have been prepared [61]. The membranes show desirable mechanical properties and thermal stabilities, with proton conductivities superior to those of Nation 117 at 80 °C. 

Rosu, D., Rosu, L., Varganici, C.-D. The thermal stability of some semi-interpenetrated polymer networks based on epoxy resin and aromatic polyurethane. J. Anal. Appl. Pyrol. 100, 103-110 (2013)... 

Mathew, A.P., Packirisamy, S., Thomas, S. Studies on the thermal stability of natural rubber/polystyrene interpenetrating polymer networks thermogravimetric analysis. Polym. Degrad. Stab. 72, 423 39 (2001)... 

J. Seo, W. Jang, S. Lee, H. Han, The stability of semi-interpenetrating polymer networks based on sulfonated polyimide and poly (ethylene glycol) diacrylate for fuel cell applications, Polym. Degrad. Stab. 93 (1) (2008) 298-304. 

Interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs) have been the subject of extensive study since their advent in the 1960s. The IPN is a combination of two polymers in network form, at least one of which is synthesized and/or cross-linked in the immediale presence of the other. In this section, we will refer to the research in recent years on the IPN or semi-IPN based on BMI. A special class that is part of the IPN network is made up of the bismaleimide-triazine (BT) resins based on BMI and dicyanate ester (CE), which has many attractive properties such as very good thermal stability, moisture resistance, low dielectric constant, and low dielectric loss. The cure mechanism of their blends was highly controversial and sometimes conflicting, and all research done on this subject until the year 2006 led to the conclusion that CE... 

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