International Normalized Ratio elevated

Stoner SC, Lea JW, Dubisar BM, Farrar C. Possible international normalized ratio elevation associated with celecoxib and warfarin in an elderly psychiatric patient. J Am Geriatr Soc... 

Management of Elevated International Normalized Ratio (INR) in Patients Receiving Warfarin Pharmacotherapy... 

Patient is coagulopathic or has recently received an oral anticoagulant (e.g., warfarin) and has an elevated international normalized ratio (INR) >1.4... 

Elevated prothrombin time (PT) and International Normalized Ratio (INR) are coagulation derangements that indicate loss of synthetic capacity in the liver and correlate with functional loss of hepatocytes. 

Progressive liver damage (shock liver) manifests as elevated serum hepatic transaminases and unconjugated bilirubin. Impaired synthesis of clotting factors may increase prothrombin time (PT), international normalized ratio, and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT). 

G. Other applications NovoSeven may be effective for acute bleeding or hemostasis during surgery. In one study NovoSeven reversed the effects of the oral anticoagulant acenocoumarol on the prothrombin time and International Normalized Ratio (INR) in healthy volunteers, without evidence of systemic coagulation. It may also transiently correct elevated prothrombin time in patients with cirrhosis-induced coagulopathy. 

Wilson SE, Watson HG, Crowther MA. Low-dose oral vitamin K therapy for the management of asymptomatic patients with elevated international normalized ratios a brief review. CMAjf. 2004 170 821-824. 

Either UFH or LMWHs should be administered to patients with non-ST-segment-elevation ACS. Therapy should be continued for up to 48 hours or until the end of the angiography or PCI procedure. In patients initiating warfarin therapy, UFH or LMWHs should be continued until the international normalization ratio (INR) with warfarin is in the therapeutic range. Data supporting the addition of UFH to aspirin stems from a meta-analysis of six randomized trials demonstrating a 33% reduction in the risk of death or MI at 6 weeks with UFH... 

Rofecoxib is metabolized in the liver, primarily by cytosolic enzymes, with little renal excretion of unchanged drug. Rofecoxib at 75 mg daily modestly increased methotrexate concentrations, and at 50 mg daily modestly elevated the International Normalized Ratios (INRs) of warfarin patients. Additionally, rifampin can decrease rofecoxib concentrations. Clinically significant interactions were not observed when rofecoxib was administered with crmetidine, digoxin, oral contraceptives, or ketoconazole. Rofecoxib inhibits CYP450 1A2 and may increase serum theophylline area under the curve. 

An anticoagulant effect Is best quantified by baseline and daily repeated measurement of the prothrombin time (PT) and calculation of the International Normalized Ratio (INR), which may not be elevated until 1-2 days after ingestion. A normal PT 48 hours after exposure mies out significant ingestion. 

Oberg KC. Delayed elevation of international normalized ratio witii concurrent clarithromycin and warfarin therapy. Phamacotherapy (1998) 18,386-91. 

Glueck C J, Khalil Q, Winiarska M, Wang P. Interaction of duloxetine and warfarin causing severe elevation of international normalized ratio, JAMA (2006) 295,1517-18. 

Mergenhagen, K. A., and O. Sherman. 2008. Elevated international normalized ratio after concurrent ingestion of cranberry sauce and warfarin. Am. J. Health Syst. Pharm. 65(22) 2113-2116. 

Parker DL, Hoffmann TK, Tucker MA, Gerschutz GP, Malone PM. Elevated International Normalized Ratio associated with concurrent use of ophthalmic erythromycin and warfarin. Am J Health Syst Pharm 2010 67(1) 38-41. 

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