Intermolecular complexations in solution

Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy is the most powerful technique for the determination of the structure of intermolecular complexes in solution... 

As mentioned above, several techniques may provide information on the stoichiometry and binding constants of ligand-CD complexes. However, just a few of them are suitable for the determination of the structure of intermolecular complexes in solution. This is especially important in the case of CDs because they possess multiple binding sites. The method of choice for obtaining structural information in the solid state is certainly X-ray crystallography. However, NMR spectroscopy provides most complete structural information about noncovalent complexes in solution. 

NMR spectroscopy has been well established as one of the major techniques suitable for studies of noncovalent intermolecular complexes in solution [225]. The... 

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