Intermediates in organic synthesi

Dichloroacetic acid [79-43-6] (CI2CHCOOH), mol wt 128.94, C2H2CI2O2, is a reactive intermediate in organic synthesis. Physical properties are mp 13.9°C, bp 194°C, density 1.5634 g/mL, and refractive index 1.4658, both at 20°C. The Hquid is totally miscible in water, ethyl alcohol, and ether. Dichloroacetic acid K = 5.14 X 10 ) is a stronger acid than chloroacetic acid. Most chemical reactions are similar to those of chloroacetic acid, although both chlorine... 

Mercuric chloride is widely used for the preparation of red and yellow mercuric oxide, ammoniated mercury/7(9/USP, mercuric iodide, and as an intermediate in organic synthesis. It has been used as a component of agricultural fungicides. It is used in conjunction with sodium chloride in photography (qv) and in batteries (qv), and has some medicinal uses as an antiseptic. 

C. W. Bird, Transition Metal Intermediates in Organic Synthesis, Logos Press, London, UK, 1968. 

Diazonium salts are important intermediates in organic synthesis, e.g. for the Sandmeyer reaction. The most important use is the coupling reaction with phenols or aromatic amines to yield azo dyes (see Diazo coupling). 

Because of their manifold reactivity, Mannich bases 4 are useful intermediates in organic synthesis. For example the elimination of amine leads to formation of an o ,/3-unsaturated carbonyl compound 8 ... 

Enamines 1 are useful intermediates in organic synthesis. Their use for the synthesis of a-substituted aldehydes or ketones 3 by reaction with an electrophilic reactant—e.g. an alkyl halide 2, an acyl halide or an acceptor-substituted alkene—is named after Gilbert Stork. 

Butylene oxide may be hydrolyzed to butylene glycol, which is used to make plasticizers. 1,2-Butylene oxide is a stabilizer for chlorinated solvents and also an intermediate in organic synthesis such as in surfactants and pharmaceuticals. 

The major use of sec-butanol is to produce MEK by dehydrogenation, as mentioned earlier. 2-Butanol is also used as a solvent, a paint remover, and an intermediate in organic synthesis. 

Barluenga J., Joglar J., Gonzales F. J. and Fustero S. Electronically Neutral 2-Aza-1,3-Dienes Are They Useful Intermediates in Organic Synthesis Synlett 1990 129 138... 

For reviews of selenylations, see Back, T.G. in Liotta Organoselenium Chemistry, Wiley NY, 1987, p. 1 Paulmier, C. Selenium Reagents and Intermediates in Organic Synthesis Pergamon Elmsford, NY, 1986, p. 95. 

PAULMIER Selenium Reagents Intermediates in Organic Synthesis... 

Aziridines are versatile intermediates in organic synthesis and commonly found in bioactive molecules. The transition metal-catalyzed nitrene transfer to alkenes is an attractive method for the synthesis of aziridines [7]. In 1984, Mansuy and coworkers reported the first example of an iron-catalyzed alkene aziridination in which iron porphyrin [Fe(TTP)Cl] was used as catalyst and PhINTs was used as nitrene source [30]. Subsequently, the same authors demonstrated that [Fe(TDCPP) (CIO4)] is a more efficient and selective catalyst than [Fe(TTP)Cl] (Scheme 20). 

The partial arene derivative hydrogenation into cyclohexene or cyclohexa-diene as intermediates is also investigated. The process developed by Asahi Chemical Industry in Japan is an example of the selective formation of cyclohexene [6]. In the future, this reaction could be an active area of research due to the potential of the intermediate in organic synthesis. 

The synthetic utility of the remarkably facile and efficient [2,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement of propargylic sulfenates has been further demonstrated in a variety of preparations and interesting reactions of allenyl sulfoxides , including the preparation of vinylallenes " which are useful intermediates in organic synthesis in general and natural polyenes, such as Vitamins A and D, in particular Two typical examples, taken... 

Because of the polarity of the carbon-aluminum bond, organoaluminum compounds are valuable intermediates in organic synthesis, which exhibit higher reac-... 

The organoboranes have proven to be very useful intermediates in organic synthesis. In this section we discuss methods by which the boron atom can be replaced by hydroxy, carbonyl, amino, or halogen groups. There are also important processes that use alkylboranes in the formation of new carbon-carbon bonds. These reactions are discussed in Section 9.1. 

C. Paulmier, Selenium Reagents and Intermediates in Organic Synthesis, Pergamon, Oxford, 1986. 

Recently, we have observed a process where the palladium apparently migrates from a vinylic to an aryl to an allylic position all in one reaction (Scheme 27).23 This provides a unique new way to produce 7r-allylpalladium intermediates, which have proven very valuable as intermediates in organic synthesis. 

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