Interlocking effects

Above the final compaction phase, depicted in Fig. 8.124, similar conditions exist as shown in Fig. 8.123 which are modified by the fact that the roller surfaces are not smooth and, therefore, an interlocking effect assists in pulling material into the nip. The feed and compaction zones are less clearly defined, only determined by interparticle friction, and no longer depend on the friction between material and roller surfaces. However, it has been determined in a roll press simulator [B.12b, B.42] that, as a result of insufficient interparticle friction, with certain particulate solids, large portions of material, that was initially contained between one pair of pockets, are squeezed out and move back into the following space. 

Uniform feeding rate Interlocked with heater Inlet and outlet Interlocks Effective seal... 

The carbon depth profile illustrates clearly the interlocking effect of the organic material in the sulphide film. This has not changed much in the aged film, so the conversion from Cu S to ZnS does not necessarily destroy the bond, at least initially. 

The small number of the observed internucleotide NOEs between C72 and A73 suggests a weak stacking. However, there are cross peaks of the C2 proton of A73 with both, the aromatic C8H and the I -ribose proton of G1 of the opposite strand. The former cross peaks indicate an overlap of the purine base plane of A73 with that of Gl, which corroborates the before-mentioned interlocking effect of the purine base in position 73 and provides a structural explanation for the stabilizing effect of 3 -dangling purine nucleotides. At the same time, the C8 proton of A73 is moved away from the aromatic protons of C72 making the lack of the aromatic-aromatic cross peaks conceivable. Some NOE contacts have been... 

An important drawback of the Tresca criterion is that it does not consider the effect of the normal stress on the damage progression (see Fig. 9.11). In fact, a component under uniaxial traction a and another under pure torsion t — all have the same equivalent stress Og but while the former loading condition results in the existence of a stress, cr , normal to the plane of Zmax opening the micro-crack as it forms, the latter condition has no normal stress and the micro-crack remains closed, as it can be easily seen from the respective Mohr circles shown in Fig. 9.5. This closure introduces friction and mechanical interlocking effects that retard the micro-crack growth. 

Fig. 9.12 A normal stress on the critical plane enables the miero-eraek to open overeoming friction interlocking effects...

The early researches were mainly concentrated on the calculation of the fracture toughness of concrete in Mode I by testing notched beam specimens. It has been observed that when Kx is calculated from the measured values of the maximum load, the initial notch length and the formulas developed from linear elastic fracture mechanics, the value of is dependent on the dimensions of the beam. This size and geometry dependency can be attributed to slow crack growth and nonlinearity due to random and geometrical interlock effects. 

Polypropylene fibres can also be produced in the form of continuous mats for the production of thin sheet components [10-12], made by i mpregnati ng the fi bri Hated polypropylene mat with cement paste or mortar. The network-mesh structure of the fibrillated mat is intended to improve the bonding with the matrix by providing an interlocking effect. The fibrillated fibre, in its continuous mat (or mesh) form has been referred to by various names such as film, mat, mesh and fibrillated network. It will be referred to here as fibrillated polypropylene mat. 

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