Interleukin retention

Abstract The diet of industrialised countries is usually rich in amino acids, which are partly used as a source of calories. However, metabolic alterations are observed in diseased patients and a preferential retention of Sulphurated Amino Acids (SAA) occurs during the inflammatory response. It has been demonstrated in an acute sepsis phase model in rats that the metabolism of L-Cysteine (Cys) is modified. Glutathione (GSH) concentration is greater in the liver, kidneys and other organs and Cys incorporation into proteins is higher in the spleen and lungs. In the plasma Acute Phase Proteins are released while Albumin is decreased. The pro-inflammatory cytokines such as Interleukin-1, lnterleukin-6 and TNF-a are the main initiators altering protein and amino acid metabolism. 

Interleukin-2 (Aldesleukin, IL-2) Reversible syndrome of hypotension, oliguria, fluid retention, azotemia, and a very low urinary excretion of sodium Capillary leak syndrome Acute interstitial nephritis Steroids and plasma exchange... 

Interleukins are a family of cytokines, substances secreted by T-cells (lymphocytes), monocytes, macrophages, and other cells. Recombinant IL-2, known generically as aldesleukin, is effective in the therapy of a small percent of patients with renal cell carcinoma and melanoma, sometimes with very gratifying results. Its toxicity is dose-, route-, and time-dependent. At its worst, high-dose intravenous prolonged infusions cause fever, fluid retention, hypotension, respiratory distress, capillary-leak syndrome, suppression of hematopoiesis, nephrotoxicity, and hepatotoxicity. 

Sad S, Mosmann TR. Interleukin (IL) 4, in the absence of antigen stimulation, induces an anergy-like state in differentiated CD8 TCI cells loss of IL-2 synthesis and autonomous proliferation but retention of cytotoxicity and synthesis of other cytoldnes. J Exp Med 1995 182 1505-15. 

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