Interfacial electron transfer, enhancement

Nonetheless, sensitization by dyes held within the cores of microemulsions can be easily accomplished [69]. Such sensitization is an important component of photogalvanic effects, the magnitude of which are significantly enhanced in the non-homogeneous environment of a microemulsion [70], The hydrophilic core of an water-in-oil microemulsion can concentrate cation radicals formed via interfacial electron transfer and hence increase the yield of subsequent dimerization the dimethylnaphthalene cation radical exhibits a dimerization equilibrium constant of nearly 500 in a microemulsion [71]. For similar reasons, hexylviologen acts as a much more efficient relay than methyl viologen in a CTAB/hexanol microemulsion [72]. 

Moser, J., Punchiheva, S., Infelta, P. P., and Graetzel, M. (1991) Surface Complex-ation of Colloidal Semiconductors Strongly Enhances Interfacial Electron Transfer, Langmuir 7, 3012. 

The interactions with the surface and reaction kinetics have been studied in detail using various techniques, such as voltammetry, electrorefiectance measurements and surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy [139,140]. For monolayers on gold assembled from long chain thiols of the structure HS-(CH2) -C00H (with n > 9) the interfacial electron transfer rate exponentially decreases with chain length and the tunnelling parameter is in the... 

As shown by Moser et al. (47), surface complexation of colloidal Ti02 accelerates electron transfer from the conduction band to methyl viologen. The enhancement of interfacial electron transfer is much more pronounced with the bidentate benzene derivates (Figures 12b and 12c) (1700 times faster with salicylate than in its absence). Similar results have been obtained (47) on the acceleration of electron transfer to oxygen by bidentate surface complexation. 

The careful analysis of the experimental data within the framework of the developed theories of interfacial electron transfer in a nanoscale electrochemical metal/redox molecule/metal configuration led to the conclusion that the experimentally observed enhanced tunnehng current fenh (Fig- 33D) could be represented best by a two-step electron transfer process accompanied with partial vibrational relaxation. This model was developed by Kuznetsov and Ulstrup and is represented by the following theoretical formahsm [255,261,262,300]... 

Vasilopoulou M, Douvas A, Geotgiadou D et al (2014) Large work function shift of ra-ganic semiconductors inducing enhanced interfacial electron transfer in organic optoelectronics enabled by porphyrin aggregated nanostructures. Nano Res 7(5) 679-693... 

As mentioned earlier, one simple way to modify surfaces of CNTs is by utilizing noncovalent attachment. A simple method is to deposit the material onto CNTs through incubation or drying. For example, CNT-coated glassy carbon electrodes were incubated in a combination of proteins and surfactants to enhance interfacial electron transfer, whereas single-stranded DNA was deposited and left to dry on CNT-based FETs to detect vapors. ... 

Whether randomly dispersed or grown on conductive surfaces, the electrical properties and modifiable surfaces of CNTs enable them to be used as electrochemical sensors. Compared to conventional electrodes, CNT-based electrochemical sensors offer higher ratio of surface area to volume that significantly increases the signal-to-noise ratio for sensitive detection. CNT-based electrodes can be further modified by surface activation to enhance interfacial electron transfer, selectively detect analytes, or attach reagents that prevent nonspecific binding but allow the specific binding of analytes. ... 

J. Moser, S. Punchihewa, P. P. Infelta, and M. Gratzel, 1991. Surface complexation of colloidal semiconductors strongly enhances interfacial electron-transfer rates. Langmuir 7, 3012—3018... 

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