Interface texture, electron microscopy

The reaction of Ni(OH)2 resembled [39] that of Fe(OH)2 in that the contracting area equation fitted the data and the value of was 95 kJ mol. The rate was appreciably decreased by water vapour. The textural changes that accompany water removal have been studied [41] by electron microscopy which identified rapid initial nucleation at crystallite edges to form a continuous interface. The dehydration is topotactic to yield particles of product which are pseudomorphs of the reactant. These textural changes are consistent with the earlier conclusions based on kinetic evidence. 

The evaporated Au-organic interface was extensively studied by lectroscopic techniques as a function of time, over the sanw time fnune as the contact fmning process., The inteiface was found to be abrupt and invariant over time as demonstrated by transmission electron microscopic studies of the inteiface at a resolution of lOA. In addition, changes in metal surface texture (oystallinity) and mor diology over time were not detectable by X-ray diffiaction and scanning electron microscopy. Finally, Au and Ag chemical compound fcmnation with TPD could not be resolved by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. 

The microstructure of the homopolymers should be examined for comparison with the multiphase polymer. Scanning electron microscopy of an Izod fracture surface of a POM/PP copolymer is shown in Fig. 5.78. The two phases are incompatible (i.e., they are present as two distinct phases). The dispersed phase particles range from less than 0.5 to 2 /im in diameter. The sample fracture path follows the particle matrix interface and holes remain where particles have pulled out of the matrix, showing there is little adhesion between the phases. The shape of dispersed phase particles is determined by the flow field and heat gradients that affect polymer orientation. For instance, the microstructure of copolymers of PE and PP is similar to the skin-core textures described for PE [362]. The orientation of the dispersed phase can affect the mechanical properties of the system. Spherical domains are more commonly formed in systems where phase separation occurs while the polymers are liquid. The SEM image appears to reveal spherical... 

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