Simple interest

Metallic nitrates, supported on clays, have been used for nitrations and oxidations. Recent interesting studies involve nitration of 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde with Fe nitrate and KIO montmori I Ionite, in which nuclear nitration was preferentially realized and practically no oxidation of the aldehyde occurred. Even more interesting, simple addition of Fe nitrate to dealuminated or natural clay gave comparable or even better results. A 100% yield was realized at 60 °C with toluene as the solvent (Bekassy et al., 1998). 

Despite the contribution of the above factors, it is clear that bending of the two alkyne moieties toward each other increases the energy of the system as illustrated by the three plots in Fig. 7.24 These plots illustrate the relation between the ring size and calculated cyclization parameters in more detail and dependence of the total energy of the system from the c-d distance. Interestingly, simple bending of alkyne moiety reproduced the effect of cyclic restraints reasonably well. A similar conclusion has been reached even earlier by Kraka and Cremer.40... 

The origin of the persistent radicals which are produced in low yields is of some interest. Simple photochemical silicon-carbon bond cleavage lacks precedent and is not consistent with the failure to observe any alkane or 1-alkene in the photolysis mixture. While the latter could not be expected to survive in the irradiated solution, the former would. A possible route involving photochemical 1,1-reductive elimination is described below. 

ESR and optical spectroscopy. Their stmctures are closely related to their parents this manifests itself in an interesting simple relationship between the PE spectra of ground-state parent molecules and the electronic spectra of their radical cations The excitation energies, AE, of radical cations correspond approximately to differences in the ionization energies. A/, of the parent molecules (cf. Fig. 6.5). ... 

The principles above lead to an interesting simple test for traceabihty. Put briefly, if the value is part of the calculation of a result or its operating conditions, the result is traceable to that value2. If not, the value does not form part of the traceability chain. 

Gne of the most interesting simple inorganic compounds reported in recent years is peroxodisulfuryl difluoride, F—SO2—02—S02—F (mp, —55° C bp, 67° C). This is both a peroxo compound and an acid fluoride but prepared by the fiuorination of sulfur trioxide. The compound can be... 

Three basic approaches have been developed In this study to eliminate these complications, each one being suited for a particular type of stationary phase. First, If only the surface concentration of the primary ligand Is of Interest, simple acid hydrolysis with dimerization Is used. This approach works best for determination of the primary ligand, e.g. Cg, and for the estimation of impurities present. The formation of TMS-Cg dimers will be minimal, provided the relative surface concentration of capping agent Is low. 

Nucleophilic attack at other atoms. The chemistry of phosphine-borane adducts has continued to generate interest. Simple borane adducts of primary vinyl-, ethynyl- and allenyl-phosphines have been prepared and studied by a range of spectroscopic and theoretical techniques. The same group has also shown that attachment of the BH3 unit to a variety of primary phosphines results in a substantial increase in the intrinsic acidity of the system in the gas-phase. Group III halide adducts of the type Bu 2PH EX3 (E = B, Al, Ga or In X = Cl or Br) are accessible from the reactions of the secondary phosphine with the trihalides at room temperature. The solid state structure and reactivity of these adducts was also reported. Treatment of l,8-bis(diphenylphosphino)naphthalene with the borane-dimethylsulfide complex in ether solvents affords a simple monoborane adduct of the diphosphine irrespective of the molar ratio of the... 

One interesting, simple bicomponent fiber is made from two types of nylon. If the polymers are selected to have different coefficients of expansion, the resultant fiber will curl or crimp on cooling. This characteristic imparts bulk and stretchiness to the yarn made from the fibers. 

It is necessary to distinguish between simple and compound interest. Simple interest is paid only on the deposit (L), whereas compound interest is where the bank pays interest on the principal deposit and the accumulated interest on the principal. Equation (12.3) is the future value of L calculated with compound interest. 

Many methods have been published. We have used 48 h Soxhlet extraction with chloroform/methanol, 1 1, for human feces (18) and found quantitative recoveries of endogenously labeled bile acids. Evrard and Janssen (23) used 3 ml glacial acetic acid, 1 h at 120°C, for 100-300 mg freeze-dried powder of human feces. This is an interesting, simple procedure, but it has to be followed by hydrolysis since acetates may be formed. 

At the early stage of formulation development, formulation scientists can utilize some empirical rules to assess the suitability of an ASD for the API of interest. Simple estimations can be made using the ratio between glass transition temperature and melting point in kelvin as well as the Kauzmann temperature (Tk Fig. 16.1). These estimations often provide quiek educated guesses on the crystallization tendency of the API. Such information will be useful for estimating the difficulty of forming a stable ASD. 

Prom an engineering practice point of view, the actuators for civil structures are most interesting. Simple and robust actuators are necessary. There are only few practical examples of actuators for civil structures. Figure 8.56 shows an example of an actuator with variable damping showed by Kawa-shima and Unjoh in [188]. 

Usually, acrylamides are predominantly hydroformylated to the corresponding a-aldehydes [60]. Interestingly, simple phosphites, such as P(OPh)g or monodentate phosphines, may perform more efficiently than bidentate-coordinating phosphorus ligands [61, 62]. 

Another interesting simple model is the amide analogue (100) ... 

The studies on isolation and chemical synthesis of artemisinin (Figure 49.8), the antimalarial drug, are of interest. Simple methods have been developed for the quantification of this compound in Artemisia annua extracts by H NMR spectroscopy. 

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