Intercalates of amines

Table 15 Intercalation of Amines and Aromatic Bases into the Crystalline Silicic Acid H2Si205-I (A) and H2Sii4029 XU2O (from Magadiite, Air-Dried) (B)... 

Yang XB, Fu X-K, Zeng R-Q (2010) Intercalation of non-aromatic heterocyclic amines into layered zirconium glycine-N, N-dimethylphosphonate. Chem Paper 64( 1) 118-122... 

Intercalative binding to DNA is often proposed as a route to enhancing selectivity of anticancer agents, and shape-selective intercalation of ruthenium-polyaromatic amines has been widely used for probing DNA structure (185). This approach could yield new drugs. 

The effects on the dynamics of photo-injected electrons where not systematically studied, despite scattered reports on the influence of amines, which induce surface deprotonation, and lower surface charge with a resulting negative shift in band edge position and an increase in the open circuit potential, Voc [103], The opposite effect is induced by Li+ ions, which intercalate in the oxide structure. Guanidinium ions increase Voc when used as counterions in place of Li+. Other adsorbing molecules that influence both Voc and short circuit current are polycar-boxylic acids, phosphonic acids, chenodeoxycholate and 4-guanidinobutyric acid. 

The morphology of rubber-based nanocomposites also seems to change in the presence of compounding ingredients [89, 90]. HNBR, when melt-compounded with organo-modified sodium montmorillonite clays (o-MMTs) prior to sulfur curing, resulted in the formation of nanocomposites with exfoliated or intercalated structures. In stark contrast, under similar conditions HNBR compounded with unmodified sodium montmorillonite clays (NA) formed microcomposites [90]. This was traced to its reactivity with the sulfur in the presence of amine-type organomodifiers. 

As a totally different post-synthesis method that is firmly based on the structural charaderistics of MWW, reversible strudural conversion between 3D MWW silicate and its corresponding 2D lamellar precursor MWW (P) has been developed to construd more active Ti species within the framework [24, 70], Figure 4.7 illustrates the strategy of this post-synthesis method of reversible strudural conversion. First, highly siliceous MWW is prepared from hydrothermally synthesized MWW boro-silicate by the combination of caldnation and acid treatment. Second, the MWW silicalite is treated with an aqueous solution of HM or PI and a Ti source. A reversible structure conversion from MWW into the corresponding lamellar precursor occurs as a result of Si-O-Si bond hydrolysis catalyzed by OH, which is supplied by basic amine molecules. This is accompanied by the intercalation of the amine molecules. 

Figure 5 Intercalation of hydrophobic short-chain amines into a-ZrP to widen the gallery spacings and substitution of these by small organic cations.

Electrochemical studies have been performed with the alkylammonium intercalated VOx nanotubes139 as well as Mn intercalated VO nanotubes87 Cyclic voltammetry studies of alkylammonium-VO nanotubes showed a single reduction peak, which broadened on replacing she amine with Na wish an additional peak. Li ion reactivity has also been tested with Mn-VO nanotubes by reacting with rt-butyllithium, and found that -2 lithiums per V ion are consumed. Electrochemical Li intercalation of Mn-VO nanotubes show that 0.5 Li ions per V atom were intercalated above 2 V.87 This observation may be relevant to battery applications. 

Interlayer distance data of DA intercalated OL-l samples show that only one layer of amines was intercalated into the layers with average intercalation angles of about 40, 69, and 61°, respectively, for en-OL-1, 1,6-DHA-OL-l, and 1,10-HOA-OL-1. TMA intercalated H-OL-1 had two kinds of interlayer distances of 2.58 and 1.18 nm. The larger interlayer structure may include two layers of TMA and three layers of water molecules according to diameters of these molecules/ions. The small one included one layer of TMA cations and one layer of water molecules corresponded to the type II model of TMA manganese oxide prepared by redox methods using tetramethylammonium permanganate [33]. The structures of TEA, TPA, and TBA... 

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