Interactions with aluminum ions

Some anions exhibit a complexing affinity toward aluminum ions. Thus, in such a situation, one should visualize the presence not only of a series of pure complexes but also of mixed ones with oxygen-containing ions, e.g., Al(OH)2Cl, Al(OH)Cl2, A1C13, Al(OH)Cl+, and A1C12+. The ionic species are soluble, and thus the interaction with complexing ions may provide an additional mechanism for solubilization of the oxide. 

Rowatt and Williams [86] used an ion-exchange membrane (Bio-Rex) to remove polyvalent cations from phosvitin, a phosphorylated protein, before studying its interaction with aluminum in the presence of silicic acid. 

The zeta potential of bare kaolinite clay was determined to be —17.6 mV at pH 5.0. The strong interaction of aluminum ions with kaolinite clay at pH 5.0 was evidenced by (1) the positive values of the potential determined as a function of clay dose (Sample I) and (2) the low residual concentrations of aluminum ions in the supernatant as a function of the clay dose (Samples I and II) (Figure 25). Since the degree of hydrolysis of A1C13 determined at pH 5.0 is function of the aluminum ion concentration below a concentration of 10 mol/L, the net positive charge of the residual aluminum ions in the supernatant is expected to increase with clay dose. Therefore the interaction between modified clay and humic acids should be a function of the aluminum ion concentration, but in the present context only the relative concentration of aluminum ions and acidic groups a = [Al]/[RCOOH] is taken... 

First, let us consider the interaction of aluminum ion with water, with the only important species in solution being AP+, A10H +, and Al(OH)4 ... 

The actual explanation was given as a result of marty years of research. The pH of 4-6 in the vacuoles of plants would be consistent with the colorless pseudobase form of anthocyanins or a little bit of the violet anl drobase. This pseudobase, on the other hand, is understood to be rare in Nature. In addition to pH, the interactions of anthocyanins with each other, other polyphenol type pigments (such as flavonoids or flavons), and metal ions such as alirminum, gallium and iron(in) collectively determine the color. Desert bluebells Phacelia campanularia) are true to their name as their flowers are blue, which is caused by aggregation between phacelianin molecules and their interaction with aluminum(III) and iron(III) ions. 

Hyperfine interaction has also been used to study adsorption sites on several catalysts. One paramagnetic probe is the same superoxide ion formed from oxygen-16, which has no nuclear magnetic moment. Examination of the spectrum shown in Fig. 5 shows that the adsorbed molecule ion reacts rather strongly with one aluminum atom in a decationated zeolite (S3). The spectrum can be resolved into three sets of six hyperfine lines. Each set of lines represents the hyperfine interaction with WA1 (I = f) along one of the three principal axes. The fairly uniform splitting in the three directions indicates that the impaired electron is mixing with an... 

Parent, L., Twiss, M. R. and Campbell, P. G. C. (1996). Influences of natural dissolved organic matter on the interaction of aluminum with the microalga Chlorella a test of the free-ion model of trace metal toxicity, Environ. Sci. Technol., 30, 1713-1720. 

Treatment of lead(n) chloride with aluminum trichloride and o-xylene furnishes bis(o-xylene)lead(ll) bis(tetrachloro-aluminate) 41. According to the results of an X-ray structure determination, 41 consists of a monomeric complex with two arene ligands in a distorted 77-mode of coordination and two bidentate AICI4- ions at the central Pbz+ ion. The interaction of the lead center with the tetrachloroaluminate ligands is presumably highly ionic, suggesting that 41 is a triad of arene-stabilized ions, rather than a molecule.7... 

A study of the interaction of aluminum with nitrate ions in thin oxide films formed in nitrate ion containing electrolytes indicated that the adsorption of nitrate ions on the oxidized surface of aluminium was followed by their reduction inside the oxide film... 

Fig. 11. Modes of action of fluorine on osteoblastic cells, (a) Tyrosine phosphatase hypothesis in osteoblastic cells, fluoride ion directly inhibits tyrosine phosphatase. Inhibition of this enzyme enhances the tyrosine phosphorylation of signalling molecules induced by receptor tyrosine kinase, which leads to activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) through the Ras pathway and enhanced cell proliferation, (b) G-protein hypothesis in osteoblast-like cells, fluoride ions form a complex with aluminum, probably fluoroaluminate, which interacts with guanosine 5 -diphosphate (GDP) to form guanosine 5 -triphosphate (GTP)-like molecule. Activation of the G, protein stimulates the tyrosine phosphorylation of signalling molecules by a yet unknown tyrosine kinase (Tyr Kin) and activation of the ERK kinase through the Ras pathway leads to enhanced cell proliferation. (Reproduced by permission of Elsevier from Ref. [175] ...

Besides some conventional supports, a new carrier material, poly-alumazane, was tested. Poly-alumazane, which was recently reported by Chinese researchers8, is a silica carrier, the surface of which is modified by subsequent treatments with aluminum chloride and ammonia, forming an Al-N phase on the silica surface. This coating is able to interact with two-valent noble metal ions (like Pd11) which is found to result -after reduction- in a catalyst with very high dispersion. 

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