Interaction with Cellulose Paper Industry

An example of an early and very detailed investigation of such a dual system is the work of Moore [13], in which different types of cationic polymers were combined with hydrolyzed polyacrylamides at various alumina concentrations. In contrast to other workers, Moore studied the charge relationship of the various charged species. He discovered that a combination of cationic and anionic polymers can give very high levels of retention with high shear resistance only in the case of a proper balance of charges and concentrations. 

In Table 1, a wide variety of examples of polymer-polymer systems firom the literature are listed. The most commonly used systems are those in which the PC is added prior to a high molar mass PA. It was confirmed by different authors that the 

Type of polycatimi (PQ Type of polyanimi (PA) Remarks/refertmce 

PDADMAC of MMW, high charge PAA, HMW Three different dual systtans are 

LMW polymers, e.g., polyamines (highly catimiic) PAA Dual systems need better control in terms of optimum polymer ratio [17] 

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Electrokinetic processes are widely used in different fields of science and technology. We had already mentioned the use of electrokinetic processes for research into the electric properties of surface layers of insulating materials. Such measurements are used, in particular, when studying the surface properties of polymeric materials, their behavior in different media, and their interactions with other materials (e.g., with adsorbing surface-active substances). The results of this research are used in textile, cellulose and paper, and other industries. 

Surface chains play a fimdamental role in the interaction processes (adsorption and adhesion) of the cellulose fibrils with other molecules. Such surface interactions play a key role in many areas of science biology (interaction with the plant cell-wall polymers, adsorption of cellulolytic enzymes), industrial (paper and textile industries), and technology (compatibilization and adhesion thermoplastic amorphous matrix on cellulose). Unfortunately, very little information has yet been gathered on the organization, conformation, and dynamics of the surface chains. In fact, few experimental... 

Indeed, polysaccharide-silica composites are frequently used for the formation of electrochemical films, because there is a large affinity between cellulose and the silicate oligomers in addition to the compatibility in the nature of solvents that can be used. The opposite is also true, and silicates (particularly sodium silicate) are useful additives in the paper industry. Chitosan is quite appealing, at least from the interpenetration point of view, because in addition to all these benefits, it is also positively charged and thus undergoes electrostatic interactions with the deprotonated silanols and can also assist in the attachment of biomolecules that are often negatively charged. 

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