Intensity of peaks

Figure 2. Relative Intensities of Peaks In LEISS as a FVinctlon of Ion Energy for WO2/AI2O2.

Little difference was noted when peak heights were used. The error in the T data is less than + 10%. Nuclear Overhauser enhancement factors (q) were obtained by measuring the integrated intensity of peaks in a difference spectrum from one with enhancement minus one with no enhancement and dividing that value by the integral from the one with no enhancement i.e. n ( nOe no nOe / (I nOe" Accuracy should be 10% or better. Linewidtns were measured at half heights, and chemical shifts are relative to TMS. 

The mass attenuation coefficient values of the elements are available in the literature [46]. Therefore, the mass attenuation coefficient of a compound can be calculated. Thus and (in Eq. 15) can be calculated provided the molecular formulas of components 1 and 2 are known. It is then possible to calculate the intensity ratio, /u/(/ii)o> as a function of xx. This ratio can also be experimentally obtained. The intensity of peak i of a sample consisting of only 1 is determined [(/ii )o] This is followed by the determination of the intensity of the same peak in mixtures containing different weight fractions of 1 and 2. This enables the experimental intensity ratio, /n/(/n)o, to be obtained as a function of xx. The principles discussed above formed the basis for the successful analyses of quartz-beryllium oxide and quartz-potassium chloride binary mixtures [45]. 

A similar reaction takes place with sulfuric acid. It takes 2 to 3 months to achieve thermodynamic equilibrium between 5- and 6-membered heterocycles. However, the ratio of the products may be easily predicted in several minutes measuring the ratio of intensities of peaks of [M — CH3]+ and [M — C2H4]+ ions in an El mass spectrum of the initial substituted arylcyclopropane [23]. 

Fig. 3.93. The HPLC analysis on metabolites resulting from decolourization of reactive red 22 by Pseudomonas luteola (a) at the beginning of static incubation (IA = 3 639 667, /B = 130 140, Ic 116 243), (b) after static incubation for 4.7 h (/A = 2 231 542, /B = 230 559, Ic = 120 563), (c) after static incubation for 23.4 h (/A = 1 892 854, /B = 428 414, Ic = 205 169), (d) 3-amino t-methoxyphenyl /1-hydroxyl sulphone sulphonic acid ester (AMHSSAE), 90 per cent pure, 52 mg/1, and (e) products resulting from decolourization of Reactive red 22 by chemical reduction with SnCl2, (/A, /B, and 7C represent intensities of peaks A, B, and C, respectively). Reprinted with permission from J.-S. Chang et al. [154].

Peak intensities. If the material exhibits preferred orientation (i.e. a nonrandom distribution of orientations of the crystallites within a powder), the relative intensities of peaks in the powder XRD pattern will deviate from the intrinsic relative intensities that are characteristic of the crystal structure, and hence the powder XRD patterns recorded for two samples of the same material but exhibiting different degrees of preferred orientation may appear substantially different. This issue is particularly pertinent in comparing an experimental powder XRD pattern with a simulated powder XRD pattern for a known crystal structure, as there are implicitly no effects due to preferred orientation in the latter case. 

It was demonstrated that the highest intensity of the peak Bi (m/e 176) is observed with (13) and (16), having three methoxyl groups cis to each other. All the other isomers produce a less intense peak at this m/e value. The highest intensity of peaks Fi and J (m/e 101 and 75) has been observed with (13) and (14). It is somewhat lower with (17) and lowest with (15) and (16). Hence, the formation of these ions is facilitated when the methoxyl groups at C-l and C-3 are trans to each other. 

The most marked are the differences in the positions and intensities of peaks of the E series these peaks are due to ions formed by fission of the side chain. As already mentioned, peaks of this series in the mass spectra of hexopyranoses are of low intensity. The corresponding fragments arise... 

In order to compare peak areas, the peak intensities of peaks a and b have been normalized to peak c. The relative area of peak a versus the number of phosphorus atoms in polyphosphate (chain length), increases sharply from P043" (n = 1) to Pl805517 (n = 18), then falls off relatively sharply for higher polyphosphates as shown in Figure 4.2 (Yin et al., 1995). 

In contrast to TEY detection which probes a 5 nm depth of the film, FY mode probes >50 nm (Kasrai et al., 1996). In Fig. 4.3 it was shown that the spectra measured for the model polyphosphates in TEY and FY modes were similar indicating that surface and bulk species are the same. Examining spectra F-H, it is immediately clear that the intensity of peaks a and b in (FY) spectra is much weaker than that in the corresponding TEY spectra A-C. 

Peak position c. The intensities of peak c are related to four coordinated polyphosphates (Kasrai et al., 1995). Thus, the appearance of this peak in the spectra of the films indicates the presence of the a phosphate and the fine structure on the left shoulder of strong peak d indicates the local symmetry and the structure of the phosphate (Kasrai et al., 1994). 

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