Intelligence generation

The DENDRAL project initiated in 1964 at Stanford was the prototypical application of artificial intelligence techniques - or what was understood at that time under this name - to chemical problems. Chemical structure generators were developed and information from mass spectra was used to prune the chemical graphs in order to derive the chemical structure associated with a certain mass spectrum. 

Operability. Hidden costs may result from changes in the way a process operates as a result of a control. For example, enclosure and isolation may diminish the abiUty of workers to observe the process. Upsets and dismptions resulting from this loss of intelligence are expensive and generate resistance to the use of these controls, no matter how effective. 

There is a good chance that you have had some contact with geographic information systems (GIS). A GIS is a computer representation of a system that uses all pertinent survey and database information to generate intelligent maps and queries. Much has been published on the subject. In addition there are many vendors of the technology and many seminars. GIS is a complicated subject. Several early GIS projects were not successful. Often GIS projects are very expensive. 

H. Applications of artificial intelligence for chemical inference. XII. Exhaustive generation of cyclic and acyclic isomers. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 96 (1974) 7702-7714. 

Figure 5.41 The total-ion-current (TIC) trace and reconstructed ion chromatograms from the predicted pseudomolecular ions of Indinavir m/z 614) and its mono- (m/z 630) and dihydroxy metabolites (m/z 646), generated from full-scan LC-MS analysis of an incubation of Indinavir with rat liver S9. Reprinted by permission of Elsevier Science from Identification of in vitro metabolites of Indinavir by Intelligent Automated LC-MS/MS (INTAMS) utilizing triple-quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry , by Yu, X., Cui, D. and Davis, M. R., Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry, Vol. 10, pp. 175-183, Copyright 1999 by the American Society for Mass Spectrometry.

In loving memory of Ant, whose love of intelligent technology promised so much, and to Amanda, Neil and Sarah, in the hope that your children inherit a more sustainable world than my generation leaves behind. 

Indeed, whenever you focus your attention on any of the so-called intelligent systems, and you take the time to leam the mechanisms they use to generate their marvelous and wondrous behavior, you come up with the anti-climactic realization that everything is quite ordinary and perfectly expectable with no surprises or mystical insights. Such reaction reminds us of how Sherlock Holmes reacted when a man questioned the brilliance of his deductive reasoning in solving one of his cases ... 

A mathematical device, the NSS, which can be related to Artificial Intelligence techniques, has been defined and applied in order to solve or reformulate some quantum chemical problems. This symbol is related to computer formulae generation. It has been shown that by means of the use of NSS s many applications of such symbols can be found in mathematics as well as in Mathematical Chemistry in particular. 

A drum containing distillation wastes of ethyl carbonate, ethyl bromoacetate and another bromoester (not intelligibly named) burst spontaneously, releasing a cloud which caused considerable lachrymation and respiratory irritation in nearby housing. Carbon dioxide was doubtless generated, but whether by water contamination or a previously unknown catalytic reaction of the known contents is unclear to the editor. 

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