Integrated systems early assessments

In heterogeneous systems AP must be critically reviewed, especially if the reaction involves a two-phase mixture of liquid and gas, or if the gas flows through a deep bed of catalyst particles as in the FCC systems. AP should be checked early in the design process to assess its influence on the overall plant integrity. 

There are a variety of plate-based electrophysiology systems available to test for effects of drugs on cardiac ion channels overexpressed in ceU lines. Conductance block data (i.e., the molar concentration of a drug producing 50% inhibition of an ionic current (IC )) that are derived from these systems have enabled assessment of the key molecules responsible for the cardiac AP as a means of early cardiac safety assessment (Pollard et al., 2010). The questions therefore become (i) What can be done to integrate these multiple experimental IC measurements (ii) How can ICj ... 

With 16-slice CT, early results for the noninvasive assessment of the coronary arteries were promising. However, it was not until the introduction of 64-slice CT that noninvasive CT coronary angiography could be fully integrated into daily routine chnical practice (Leschka et al. 2005 Raff et al. 2005 Mollet et al. 2005 Leber et al. 2005). This was fascihtated by the high temporal and spatial isotropic resolutions of these systems, which enabled robust cardiac imaging with a considerably reduced number of nonevaluable coronary segments. 

Data acquisition systems and/or event detectors (commonly referred to as glitch detectors) are employed to monitor resistance and/or scan for intermittent opens in real time. One of the early techniques for assessing solder joint integrity during thermal cycling was to remove parts periodically from the test chamber and measure resistance manually at room temperature. 

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