Integrated lens arrays

It must be noted that the initiation of crystallization is achieved by metal colloids, which are generated by UV irradiation and heat treatment. To apply this glass-ceramic for the production of integrated lens arrays, its manufacturing procedure had to be refined, and Borrelli, et al. (1985) achieved this objective (Beall 1992, 1993). 

Figure 4-14 Process for producing integrated lens arrays made of Fotoform .

Pig. 2. (a) The cell mount design of the integrated PV array of Pigure 1, which uses laminated conductive and insulating layers on top of an aluminium substrate in a printed circuit board-type panel (7). The array produces 20 kW at 20°C ambient and 850 W/m direct sunlight, and measures 155 m. The lens is a molded acryUc Presnel lens parquet mounted on the front of the array stmcture. The PV panel is mounted on the back of the array stmcture and is... 

Our recent studies demonstrated the viability of the structurally integrated OLED array/sensing film, where these components are fabricated on two separate glass slides that are attached back-to-back. This uniquely simple geometry eliminates the need for optical fibers, lens, and mirrors, resulting in a compact and potentially very low-cost OLED/sensor film module. " The close coupling of the excitation source with the sensor film also enables operation at relatively low power. 

N. Chronis, G. L. Liu, K. H. Jeong, and L. P. Lee, "Tunable liquid-filled micro-lens array integrated with microfluidic network," Optics Express, vol. 11, pp. 2370-2378, Sep 2003. 

A miniaturized spectrometer with CCD array for mounting on a printed circuit card inside the electronics has been developed for a film thickness monitor (18, 19). Light from the input fibre is focused by a 40 mm achromatic lens on to a blazed reflection grating with 300 lines/mm. A 50-element CCD array gives a spectral resolution of 10 nm. The spectrometer is 10 mm thick and 80 mm long. Spectrometers made by integrated optics have also been suggested (20). 

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