Integrated catalytic reactor

For gas phase heterogeneous catalytic reactions, the continuous-flow integral catalytic reactors with packed catalyst bed have been exclusively used [61-91]. Continuous or short pulsed-radiation (milliseconds) was applied in catalytic studies (see Sect. 10.3.2). To avoid the creation of temperature gradients in the catalyst bed, a single-mode radiation system can be recommended. A typical example of the most advanced laboratory-scale microwave, continuous single-mode catalytic reactor has been described by Roussy et al. [79] and is shown in Figs. 10.4 and... 

In this paper we investigate the possibility of enhancing the conversion of an isothermal, integral catalytic reactor in the multiple steady state regime by means of a single inlet concentration perturbation. This study is essentially a follow-up of the earlier work by Hegedus et al. 9) on CO oxidation over Pt, where wide ranges of stable steady state multiplicities were observed under isothermal conditions. 

For continuous processes the catalytic reactor, or a hybrid process if satisfactory chemical dosing equipment is already installed, appear to be a near-optimum solution still for many installations. At moderate hypochlorite concentrations, economic benefit does accrue from using the catalyst in-loop rather than end-of-pipe, but these benefits may be offset by any required investment in heat-exchange capability. At concentrations above 10 wt% the integration of decomposition into the scrubbing process is beneficial to the overall cost base of hypochlorite treatment. 

Process eco-efficiency conversion of biomass derived raw materials with high performance, stability and selectivity, and which preserve the complexity already preformed in biomolecules New catalytic reactor engineering solutions to improve energy and process efficiency Process simplification by effective integration of catalysis and separation in new advanced processes New catalysts able to cope with the natural variability in the quality of raw materials. 

Rich catalytic combustion will offer wide opportunities with respect to most of the above issues, including flexible integration in different machines, low-temperature ignition ability, tolerance to fuel concentration and temperature non-uniformities and fuel flexibility. Further, the production of syngas in short contact time catalytic reactors could be exploited in several energy-related applications such as fuel cell and oxy-fuel combustion. 

At the cold start of the engine the catalyst is not able to oxidize carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons present in the exhaust. Therefore, zeolites are added into y-Al203-based catalytic washcoat for HC adsorption at low temperatures, resulting in an integrated adsorber-reactor system (Jirat et al., 2001 Kryl et al., 2005). For optimum operation of such a system, the consecutive HC desorption induced by increasing temperature should not occur earlier than the catalyst light-off. 

S. Elnashaie, T. Moustafa, T. Alsoudani, S.S. Elshishini, Modeling and basic characteristics of novel integrated dehydrogenation-hydrogenation membrane catalytic reactors, Computers Chemical Engineering, 24(2-7) 2000, 1293-1300... 

Lin Y.-M., Rei M.-H. An integrated purification and production of hydrogen with a palladium membrane-catalytic reactor. Catalysis Today 1998 44 343-349. 

Despite the geometric similarities, the problem analyzed here is fundamentally different from that of cross-flow heat exchangers or catalytic reactors in that the solid is not only used as a heat-exchange medium or as a catalyst support but also as the electrolyte across which oxygen ion transport occurs. This introduces an integral electron conservation balance which results in an integro-differential problem. 

With the development of catalytic processes such as reforming, hydrocracking and hydrotreating, which utilize formed particles, single pellet crush strength tests were devised by the manufacturers and users of such catalysts. These tests were developed in order to determine the ability of the catalyst particles to maintain integrity during use in catalytic reactors. (2)... 

Catalytic data were obtained over a wide range of CO conversion by varying the space velocity at constant temperature and reactant pressure. In many cases, we choose to report rate and selectivity data at integral reactor conditions (45- 65% CO conversion) because they favor the synthesis of C5+ hydrocarbons. All comparisons among catalysts are made at similar levels of conversion, a requirement imposed by the integral operation of the catalytic reactor. Our conclusions, however, remain valid when similar comparisons are made at much lower conversion levels in differential reactors. 

The idea to limit polarization and fouling during tangential filtration of biological fluid by fluidizing small inert particles inside a tubular ceramic membrane had been presented at the end of the 1980s [25]. More recently, based on advances in the development of more stable membranes with increased permeance, the possibilities for integrating membranes into gas catalytic reactors to achieve a major increase in... 

One of the most common catalytic reactors is the fixed-bed type, in which the reaction mixture flows continuously through a tube filled with a stationary bed of catalyst pellets. Because of its importance, and because considerable information is available on its performance, most attention will be given to this reactor type. Fluidized-bed and slurry reactors are also considered later in the chapter. Some of the design methods given are applicable also to fluid-solid noncatalytic reactions. The global rate and integrated conversion-time relationships for noncatalytic gas-solid reactions will be considered in Chap. 14. 

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