Integrated carbon capture

Another integrated carbon capture technology is called the fuel-flexible process developed by General Electric (GE). This process takes different feedstocks such as coal and biomass and produces hydrogen and electricity in adjustable ratios (Rizeq et al., 2002). The reaction scheme for this process involves two chemical loops operated using three fluidized-bed reactors as shown in Figure 17.5. 

While the recent surge in interest in chemical looping was based on its ability to enable combustion with integrated carbon capture, the looping principle , that is, the breakdown of fuel conversion into two separate steps that are coupled through... 

This technology shows benefits for carbon capture. Limestone is cheap and widely available, and there is a potential for process integration, which can lead to low energy penalties, i.e., heat released from carbonisation can be utilised in a steam cycle or the heat used in the calciner reactor can be recovered in the carbonation process. 

A key rationale for moving to a hydrogen economy is to minimize carbon emissions. Producing hydrogen from coal actually could result in increased carbon dioxide emissions, unless carbon capture and sequestration is an integral part of these plants. 

Lima F. V., Daoutidis P., Tsapatsis M., Marano J. J. 2012. Modeling and optimization of membrane reactors for carbon capture in Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle units. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research 51(15) 5480-5489. 

Wilson EJ, Gerard D (2007) Carbon capture tmd sequestration integrating technology, monitoring, regulation. Wiley, New York... 

Sulfur dioxide has also been reported to plasticize polymeric membranes, which produces a more rubbery material and increases the diffusivity of penetrant gases [26-28]. Plasticization also reduces the mechanical integrity of the membrane, meaning it is more likely the membrane will rupture. However, plasticization is a strongly pressure dependent phenomenon, for example it has been reported in polyvinylidene membranes to occur at SO2 pressures greater than 10 psi [29]. For many of the processes in carbon capture, such high partial pressures of SO2 are not observed (Table 11.1), and therefore only minor plasticization by SO2 is likely to occur. 

Helmi, A., Gallucci, F. and Van Sint Annaland, M. (2014) Resource scarcity in palladium membrane applications for carbon capture in integrated gasification combined cycle units. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 39 (20), 10498-10506. 

Manzolini, G., Macchi, E Binotti, M. and Gazzani, M. (2011) Integration of SEWGS for carbon capture in Natural Gas Combined Cycle. Part B Reference case comparison. International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, 5, 214-225. 

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