Surface-mount instrument interfaces

Fig. 10.19 Examples of surface-mount instrument interfaces. (A) A simple gas chromatograph helium gas metering system, showing the traditional assembly made from tubing and fittings, a four-component surface-mount replacement, and the surface-mount layout and flow diagram at the top. (B) A simple two-component surface-mount interface for...

ANSI/ISA SP76.00.02-2002 Modular Component Interfaces for Surface-Mount Fluid Distribution Components - Parti Elastomeric Seals, Instrumentation, Systems, and Automation Society (ISA), Compositional Analyzers Committee, 2002, www.isa.org. 

FIAs can be based on steady-state intensity measurements without probe amplification, owing to the sensitivity of detection that is possible with fluorescence instrumentation, which exceeds that of spectrophotometers by two or three orders of magnitude. A sensitive fluorometer has been described for an estradiol assay(36) in which the limit of estradiol detection is 3 x KT11 M. Estradiol antibody labeled with rhodamine B is reacted with estradiol samples. Unreacted labeled antibody is removed with Sepharose-estradiol-casein beads, and the remaining fluorescence is directly proportional to the analyte concentration. The detection limit of rhodamine B on the same fluorometer is 5 x 1(T12 M. This instrument uses a 0.75 mW green helium-neon (HeNe) laser to irradiate the sample from above, at the air-liquid interface, to increase the light path and to decrease surface reflections. The sample compartment has a top-mounted photon trap, and a mirror mounted on the side of the sample compartment opposite the PMT to enhance detection. 

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