Insecticides chitin synthase inhibitors

Triflumuron (Alsystin , Baycidal ) [91,92], an /V-benzoyl-W-phenyl urea chitin synthase inhibitor commercialized by Bayer CropScience, is a broad spectrum insecticide that is active against chewing insects, as well as fleas and cockroaches. 

Chitin synthase inhibitors are used commercially as insecticides because they preventthe formation of a new exoskeleton and the shedding of the old one. The insect becomes trapped in an old exoskeleton that cannot grow. These inhibitors are highly toxic to insects and crustaceans, but relatively nontoxic to mammals. The most common chitin synthase inhibitors are substituted benzoyl-ureas such as diflubenzuron, which was first registered as an insecticide in 1976. 

Nikkomycins are nucleoside amide antibiotics produced by Streptomyces tendae Tii 901 and are known to show antifungal, anti-insecticidal, and acaricidal activities. They are competitive inhibitors of chitin synthase. Nikkomycins are produced as a complex mixture, with nikkomycin Z (13) and nikkomycin X (14) representing the major components. ... 

UDP-7V-acetylglucosamine (uridine diphosphate), nikkomycins act as potent competitive inhibitors of chitin synthase and exhibit potent fungicidal, insecticidal, and acaricidal activities [320]. Nikkomycin X and Z, isolated as major components, contain the hydroxypyridylhomothreonine (HPHT) moiety, the aminohexuronic acid, and a nucleoside moiety N-glycosidically linked to 4-formyl-imidazolin-2-one or a uracil base, respectively [321, 322]. 

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