Insect symbionts

Cand. "Blochmannia" sp. Insect symbiont Label-free Global analysis of proteins (172)... 

Researchers have evolved pea aphids and Buchnera bacteria. .. N. A. Moran and Y. Yun. Experimental replacement of an obligate insect symbiont. 2015. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 112(7), p. 2093. DOI 10.1073/pnas.l420037112. 

Jan ND, Mahar GM, Mahar AN, Hullio MH, Lanjar AG, Gower SR. Susceptibility of different insect pupae to the bacterial symbiont, Xenorhabdus nematophila, isolated from the entomopathogenic nematode, Steinemema carpocapsae. Pak J Nematol. 2008 26 59-67. 

Associated organisms have also to be considered. A large tree may host as many as 500 different species of insects, part of which go extinct with the tree. It is also believed that the diversity of symbionts correlates with that of the host, such as mycorrhizal fiingi with terrestrial plants (van der Heijden 1998). Pathogens and herbivores may also control the plant species distribution, both in the tropics and temperate areas (Packer 2000). 

Sulfur metabolism of insects. IV. Conversion of inorganic sulfate to organic sulfur compounds in cockroaches. Role of intracellular symbionts. Con-tribs. Boyce Thompson Inst., 20, 317 (1960). With S. M. Henry. 

Moran NA, Plague GR, Sandstrom IP, Wilcox JL. A genomic perspective on nutrient provisioning by bacterial symbionts of insects. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2003 100 14543-14548. 

Cheng Q, Aksoy S. Tissue tropism, transmission and expression of foreign genes in vivo in midgut symbionts of tsetse flies. Insect Mol. Biol. 1999 8 125-132. 

Akman L, Rio RV, Beard CB, Aksoy S. Genome size determination and coding capacity of Sodalis glossinidius, an enteric symbiont of tsetse flies, as revealed by hybridization to Escherichia coli gene arrays. J. Bacteriol. 2001 183 4517-4525. Beard CB, O Neill SL, Mason P, Mandelco L, Woese CR, Tesh RB, Richards FF, Aksoy S. Genetic transformation and phylogeny of bacterial symbionts from tsetse. Insect Mol. Biol. 1993 1 123-131. 

Moran NA, Russell JA, Koga R, Fukatsu T. Evolutionary rela- 95. tionships of three new species of Enterobacteriaceae living as symbionts of aphids and other insects. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 2005 71 3302-3310. 

Various xylophagic insects have also been found to contain D-xylanases. However, the origin of these enzymes has not been determined, and they may be derived either from cells of the digestive tract, or from protozoal symbionts inhabiting the digestive tract. 

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