Input case insensitive

Keyword input in both Gaussian and NBO is generally case-insensitive, except for literals such as the FILE specification. 

As usual, all input is case-insensitive and keyword entries may be separated by commas or (any number oQ spaces. Note that only valence lone pairs (not CR-type) are to be included in the LONE... END list. See theNBO Manual, p. B- 14ff for further details.]... 

The wafer energy balance has to be solved simultaneously with the plasma reactor model since the etchant concentration, ion flux, and energy are needed as input to the wafer energy balance [98]. In turn, if the etch rate is temperature sensitive, the flux of product into the plasma (and in turn the plasma composition and output of the plasma reactor model) will depend on wafer temperature. Even for a temperature insensitive etch reaction, the wafer temperature will affect the gas density for an etch with controlled pressure (typical case). 

The second term in the denominator is typically around 5000 and represents the buffering effect of the sorbed P. That is, in the pre.sence of an appreciable. sorbed P pool, the soil solution P concentration is extremely insensitive to the rate of removal of phosphorus into or from it. This is becau.se increased rates of removal of P are almost totally balanced by desorption. Likewise, increased rates of P input result in large increases in lPs ri,J, but with very little change in [Pjoil. That latter case represents, of course, the tropical soil phosphorus fertilizer fixation problem discussed in Sec. 2.2. 

In the simplest case, one single mapping < R R, n c,- for all residuals and fixed values on the basis of experience can be used for the thresholds thri. However, given a hybrid system model, the dynamic system behaviour in one mode may be quite different from the one in another mode. Hence, in order to avoid conservative thresholds that may lead to a non-detection of faults, appropriate thresholds Atr/ must be chosen for each system mode j. Furthermore, in each mode, modelling and parameter uncertainties may affect ARR residuals more or less. Therefore, more generally, adaptive thresholds may be defined that are a function of time, inputs and measurements. Chapters presents a bond graph approach to the introduction of adaptive thresholds that are insensitive to parameter uncertainties. 

The results of the kt determination, including the various ratios of termination by disproportionation over combination are shown in figure 3.23. It is gratifying, though at the same time surprising, to see that the MWD procedure is rather insensitive towards the presence of disproportionation. Even in the case when termination is exclusively by disproportionation, the obtained kt curve is still a fair representation for the exact input values of the simulation. For small amounts of disproportionation this can be easily understood. Chains of a specific chain length formed by disproportionation were formed at a much later time than chains of the exact same chain length formed by combination. As a consequence... 

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