Inorganic tin IV compounds

The chemistry of tin(IV) is dominated by the organometallic derivatives discussed in the next section. The inorganic compounds fall into two main classes (a) the tetrahalides and their derivatives, and (b) oxide phases including nonstoichiometric compounds. 

Snl4 is one of the few compounds for which the Mossbauer spectra of all the elements comprising the compound have been recorded [77]. The intensity of the Sn resonance between 85 and 220 K was used to derive an effective Debye temperature of 166 K which contrasts with the equivalent value for the iodine of 85 K. The structural implications will be discussed more fully on p. 478 in connection with the latter isotope. The results were later used to predict the specific heat Cp of Snl4 [78]. 

A number of complexes of the SnClj and SnBrs anions with carbonium cations have been prepared and show a quadrupole splitting which is usually below resolvable limits [84], the highest recorded value being 0-67 mm s in the p-tolyldiphenylcarbonium salt of SnClj . 

The bis-adducts of the tetrahalides with various organic and inorganic ligands, SnX4L2, may all be presumed to have an octahedral geometry. 

The reaction of LiAlH4 with SnCU in diethyl ether at low temperature can be followed in the Mossbauer spectrum [93]. The initial SnCU-etherate complex has a chemical isomer shift intermediate between the final product SnH4 and an intermediate compound assumed to be Sn(AlH4)4. At — 100°C the reaction is slow, but at —80°C the Sn(AlH4)4 is gradually formed, and this decomposes slowly to SnH4 at —40°C. /3-tin is the end-product at —35°C. 

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Few clinical or epidemiological studies exist concerning inorganic tin intoxication primarily because inorganic tin(IV) compounds are poorly absorbed by mammals. The absorption from the gut for most compounds is less than 2%. However, when inorganic tin compounds are injected iv, they have a higher absorption and are usually stored in the bones with a half-life of approximately 400 days1. 

Tin, having valence of +2 and +4, forms staimous (tin(II)) compounds and stannic (tin(IV)) compounds. Tin compounds include inorganic tin(II) and tin(IV) compounds complex stannites, MSnX., and staimates, M2SnX, and coordination complexes, organic tin salts where the tin is not bonded through carbon, and organotin compounds, which contain one-to-four carbon atoms bonded direcdy to tin. 

Scientists at die University of Maryland have found that sediment microflora (from Chesapeake Bay sediments) can produce dimethyitin and tiimetliyllin species from inorganic Sn(IV) compounds. Tlie results were consistent with a geocycle of tin proposed by Ridley et al. in 1977. The findings support the hypothesis that tin can be biotransformed in an estuarine environment,... 

This chapter deals with structurally characterized tin(II) and tin(IV) compounds containing either unusual bonds to tin atoms or unique geometric arrangements around the tin center. While we emphasize molecular compounds, selected examples of supramolecular assemblies featuring unusual structural traits are also discussed. Strictly inorganic compounds will not be considered, as they are amply described elsewhere. ... 

In animals, data suggest inorganic tin compounds are not readily absorbed. At 48 hours after oral administration of Sn (a gamma-ray emitting radionuclide), approximately 95% or more of the administered radioactivity was recovered in feces, with 1% or less in urine (Hiles 1974). The various forms of tin ( Sn) compounds administered were stannous pyrophosphate (SnzRO7), stannous fluoride (SnF2), stannic fluoride (SnF ), stannous citrate (Sn[ll]citrate), and stannic citrate (Sn[IV]citrate). The absorption of Sn [II] from the gastrointestinal tract was reported to be 2.85% in rats, while 0.64% of the administered Sn [IV] was absorbed (Hiles 1974). 

SYNONYMS Synonyms vary depending upon the specific inorganic tin compound (stannous chloride) tin (II) chloride, tin dichloride, tin protochloride (stannic chloride) tin (IV) chlonde, tin tetrachlonde, tin protochloride (stannic sulfate) tin (II) sulfate. 

SeOCl2 (SeOCl-SeOCl2)+ + Gland may therefore be regarded as the parent solvent of a system of compounds. Pyridine and calcium chloride act as typical bases arsenic(III) chloride, tin(IV) chloride, and sulfur trioxide, as acids. It forms solvates with many compounds, for example, CsHsN-SeOCh and SnClv2SeOCl2. As an active inorganic acid chloride, the compound is... 

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