Inorganic membranes modified

Finally, Majda has investigated a novel inorganic membrane-modified electrode [32]. The membrane used was a microporous alumina prepared by anodizing metallic aluminum in an acidic electrolyte [33]. Majda et al. lined the pores of these membranes with polymers and self-assembled monolayers and studied electron and ion transfer down the modified pore walls to a substrate electrode surface [32]. Martin and his coworkers have used the pores in such membranes as templates to prepare nanoscopic metal, polymer, and semiconductor particles [34],... 

MaN, QuanX, Zhang Y, Chen S and Zhao H (2009b), Integration of separation and photocatalysis using an inorganic membrane modified with Si-dof>ed 1102 for water purification , J Membrane Sd, 335,58-67. 

Zaspalis, V. T., W. van Praag, K. Keizer, J. R. H. Ross and A. J. Burggraaf, 1990. Modified alumina membranes as active materials in catalytic processes. Proc. 1st Inti. Cong. Inorganic Membrane, 3-6 July, 367-372, Montpellier. 

The processes discussed so far produce various types of inorganic membranes in one production process prior to applications and the membrane structures are fixed to the supports in the case of composite membranes. There are, however, other special types of inorganic membranes that are prepared either by a second process to modify the... 

From the chemical reaction point of view, some inorganic membranes having functional groups at their surfaces can be modified by linking them to or reacting them with some... 

Despite the aforementioned efforts, membrane flux decline due to fouling continues to be a major operational issue. Attempts have been made to modify inorganic membranes, mostly their surfaces, to render them less prone to foulant adsorption. One of the frequently encountered fouling problems in biotechnology and food applications is protein adsorption. In membrane reactor applications which are largely associated with hydrocarbons, carbonaceous deposits pose as one of the operational problems. 

Javaid A and Ford DM. Solubility-based gas separation with oligomer-modified inorganic membranes. Part II Mixed gas permeation of 5 nm alumina membranes modified with octadecyltrichlorosilane. J. Membr. Sci. 2003 215 157-168. 

C.L. Lin, D.L. Flowers and P.K.T. Liu, Characterization of ceramic membranes. II. Modified commercial membranes with pore size imder 40 A. /. Membr. Sci., 92 (1994) 45. J. Luyten, J. Cooymans, R. Persons, R. Leysen and J. Sleurs, A New Ceramic Support Material for Gas Separative Membranes. Paper presented at the 3rd International Conference on Inorganic Membranes, July, 1994, Worcester, MA, USA. 

B. Chaufer, M. Rollin, A. Grangeon and J. Dulieu, Tetracycline removal or concentration with an inorganic ultrafiltration membrane modified by a quatemarized polyvinylimi-dazole coating, in Ref. [2], pp. 249-254. 

The Knudsen diffusion gas separation layer can be modified by e.g. sol-gel, cvd, or crystallisation techniques to enhance the selectivity, but this decreases the permeation. Silica is the material mainly used for modification. However, data on reproducibility and stability are still scarce. The large scale use of high selective inorganic membranes and these membranes at high temperatures, up to at least 600°C, will probably last another 5-10 years. On a laboratory scale (maximum membrane surface area of about 50 cm ) these high selective membranes are now available, although stability can be a problem in certain atmospheres. 

For gas separation, surface-modified inorganic membranes have become increasingly important. An introduction to the synthesis and properties of inorganic membranes may be found in comprehensive textbooks [27,132,133]. 

Amines have long been used as reactive liquid solvents in CO2 absorption columns [3, 22], The goal of the study presented in this chapter is to synthesize surface-modified inorganic membranes using an amine compound, 3-aminopro-pyltriethoxysilane (APTS), for CO2/N2 separation. 

Transport properties (permeance and separation factor) of the modified inorganic membranes were measured through steady state pure and mixed gas experiments. In pnre gas experiments, the feed gas was pressurized and permeate flow rate was measured using a bubble flow meter, which in turn was used to calculate the permeance using Eq. 7.2. 

Singh RP, Way JD, Dec SF (2005) Silane modified inorganic membranes effects of silane surface structure. J Membr Sci 259(l-2) 34 6... 

Javaid A, Krapchetov DA, Ford DM (2005) Solubility-based gas separation with oligomer-modified inorganic membranes—part III. Effects of synthesis conditions. J Membr Sd 246(2) 181-191... 

Singh RP (2005) Surface modified inorganic membranes effects of silane functionality and surface structure on gas and vapor separations. Colorado School of Mines, Golden... 

Inorganic membranes can also be modified according to their future applications. Ceramic membranes present many advantages, such as mechanical and chemical resistances, thermal stability, nonswelling properties, and easy cleaning, and are very... 

Polymeric microporous hydrophobic membranes, typically polytetra-fiuoroethylene (PTFE), polypropylene (PP) and polyvinylidenefluoride (PVDF), are major membrane materials. Modified hydrophilic membranes such as cellulose acetate and cellulose nitrate modified with plasma polymerisation, have also been successfully tested in MD operations (Lawson and Lloyd, 1997). Furthermore, modified inorganic membranes, such as ceramic membrane modified with CgFi7(CH2)2Si(OC2H5)3 perfluoroalkylsi-lane molecule (Cg) and carbon nanotube based membranes, have also been developed for MD (Susanto, 2011). 

It goes in the same direction as the possibility of using porous inorganic-membrane supports modified with nanosized metaUocomplex components, distributed into the membrane pores (Tsodikov et al., 2011). The kind of possible supports are of a different nature, but they must be chosen with respect to rules of acceptable resistance and capacities. This is why a preliminary study of four types of membrane ceramic supports was done, to identify their main features before any other kind of modifications (Table 4.17) (Tsodikov et al., 2011). 

E.Y. Voropaeva, EA. Sanginov, V.I. Volkov, A.A. Pavlov, A.S. Shalimov, I.A. Stenina, A.B. Yaroslavtsev, Transport properties ofMF-4SK membranes modified with inorganic dopants, Russ. J. Inorg. Chem. 53 (2008) 1536—1541. 

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