Inorganic membrane reactors preparation

Yeung K.L., Aravind A., Zawada R.J.X., Szegner J., Cao G. and Varma A., Nonuniform catalyst distribution for inorganic membrane reactors Theoretical considerations and preparation techniques, Chem. Eng. Sci. 49 4823 (1994). 

Since Chapter 16 deals with metal-containing membrane reactors and Chapter 17 with inorganic membrane reactors, the design, preparation, activity, and selectivity aspects concerning these types of reactors will not be commented on here. Only aspects relevant to chemical reaction engineering will be discussed. 

Basile A. and GaUucd F. (Eds), (2011c), Innovations in catalytic inorganic membrane reactoTs , Membranes for Membrane Reactors Preparation, Optimization and Selection, John WUey Sons, Chichester, UK, ISBN 978-0-470-74652-3. Basile A. and Paturzo L. (2001), Catal. Today, 67,55. 

Zaspalis and Burggraaf [47] have summarized typical membrane reactor configurations, different membrane/ catalyst combinations, and a large number of membrane reactor studies. Their article clearly shows that inorganic membranes prepared by the sol-gel method, with their dual ability in catalysis and separation, have many unique advantages over other product forms. At the same time, it is important to realize that the parameters which affect a membrane s characteristics and the advantages which the sol-gel process offers are similar to what has been presented thus far. 

The preparation and fabrication methods and their conditions described in Chapter 3 dictate the general characteristics of the membranes produced which, in turn, affect their performance as separators or reactors. Physical, chemical and surface properties of inorganic membranes will be described in detail without going into discussions on specific applications which will be treated in later chapters. Therefore, much of this chapter is devoted to characterization techniques and the general characteristics data that they generate. 

By using palladium or other inorganic H2-selective WGS membrane reactors, many researchers have achieved high CO conversion values beyond the equilibrium ones or close to 100%.35-40 However, the difficulty to prepare thin, flawless, and durable membranes is still the remaining challenge for the commercial application of this type of membrane reactor.41... 

A. Julbe, C. Guizard, A. Larbot, L. Cot and A.G. Fendler, The sol-gel approach to prepare candidate microporous inorganic membranes for membranes reactors. /. Membr. Sci., 77 (1993) 137. 

Membrane Processes in Separation and Purification published in 1993, contains chapters on pervaporation, facilitated transport membrane processes, membrane gas absorption processes, hollow fiber contactors, membrane reactors, and the preparation and application of inorganic membranes. In addition to an introductory chapter by the editors. Polymeric... 

The separation layer, either porous or dense, can be formed using different methods such as sol-gel and template routes, hydrothermal synthesis, chemical vapor deposition (CVD), or physical sputtering, depending on the membrane material and its application. These membrane preparation methods will be described in the following chapters of this book for different membranes and membrane reactors. We note that the preparation of inorganic membranes involves a multi-step high-temperature treatment process. Therefore, inorganic membranes are much more expensive than polymeric ones. 

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