Inorganic materials, surface treatment

Fire properties of insulation materials range from the highest to the lowest, from non-combustible to flammable with toxic fume emission. Generally, inorganic materials tend to be non-combustible while organic (or oil-based) materials are combustible, but many have surface treatments to improve their fire-safety rating. 

Surface Modification of Inorganic Materials by Fluorination Treatments... 

A solid acid calcined at temperatures above 1000 °C is termed a Ceramic Acid . Ceramics are made by calcination of inorganic materials at elevated temperatures and they possess favorable stability. Brick, usually produced by calcination at temperatures above 1000 °C, is a typical example of one of these materials. Solid acids are generally prepared by calcination at temperatures around 500 °C to generate the highest acidity on the surface, and it is known that the treatment with temperatures above 500 °C causes the surface acidity to reduce. A solid acid prepared by calcination at similar temperatures to a ceramic, would be highly desirable in terms of green chemistry, as a result of the corresponding stability of acid sites. 

Waterborne Salts. Waterborne inorganic salts are a special group of penetrating finishes. These surface treatments result in a finish similar to the semitransparent penetrating finishes because they change the color of the wood and leave a surface deposit of material similar to the pigment found in the semitransparent stains. 

The formation of self-assembled materials is governed by a number of experimental parameters the choice of inorganic precursors and surfactants, the inorganic to surfactant ratio, amount of water and other solvents used, pH during synthesis, additives, reaction time and temperature, treatments used to stiffen the inorganic framework, and treatments to remove surfactant and obtain porosity, all decide the final ordering, porosity and surface area. It is well known that successful... 

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