Inorganic fillers, surface

Synthetic Marble. Synthetic marble-like resin products are prepared by casting or molding a highly filled monomer mixture or monomer—polymer symp. When only one smooth surface is required, a continuous casting process using only one endless stainless steel belt can be used (52,53). Typically on the order of 60 wt % inorganic filler is used. The inorganic fillers, such as aluminum hydroxide, calcium carbonate, etc, are selected on the basis of cost, and such properties as the translucence, chemical and water resistance, and ease of subsequent fabrication (54,55). 

A modified latex composition contains a phosphorus surface group. Such a latex is formed by emulsion polymerization of unsaturated synthetic monomers in the presence of a phosponate or a phosphate which is intimately bound to the surface of the latex. Thus, a modified latex containing 46% solids was prepared by emulsion polymerization of butadiene, styrene, acrylic acid-styrene seed latex, and a phosphonate comonomer in H20 in the presence of phosphated alkylphenol ethoxylate at 90°C. The modified latex is useful as a coating for substrates and as a binder in aqueous systems containing inorganic fillers employed in paper coatings, carpet backings, and wallboards [119]. 

In addition, modem fabrication techniques demand good molding characteristic, i.e., low melt viscosity, in order to enhance the shaping cycle and increase the productivity. When a layered silicate, e.g., montmorillonite is added as an inorganic filler, the fluidity and the surface properties can be improved (24). 

The SEM is also used to do X-ray/elemental analysis. This technique is qualitative. X-ray analysis and mapping of the particular elements present is useful for the identification of inorganic fillers and their dispersion in compounds as well as inorganic impurities in gels or on surfaces and curatives, e.g., aluminum, silicon, or sulfur in rubber compounds and Cl and Br in halobutyl blends. (Figure 9)... 

The already mentioned limited lateral dimensions of packing models of just several nm makes it impossible to simulate complete membranes or other polymer-based samples. Therefore, on the one hand, bulk models are considered that are typically cubic volume elements of a few nanometers side length that represent a part cut out of the interior of a polymer membrane (cf. Figure 1.1). On the other hand interface models are utilized, for example, for the interface between a liquid feed mixture and a membrane surface or between a membrane surface and an inorganic filler (cf. Figure 1.2). 

FIGURE 10.1 Organosilane coupling agents react with water in aqueous solutions to form hydrolyzed silanes that react with the surface of inorganic fillers or the adherend. The bound silane polymerizes, building up layers outward, with the organic functionality oriented to the resin matrix.3... 

A. S. Arico, V. Baglio, V. Di Blasio, A. Di Blasi, E. Modica, P.L. Antonucci and V. Antonucci. Surface properties of inorganic fillers for application in composite membranes-direct methanol fuel cells. Journal of Power Sources 128, 113-118 2004. 

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