Inlet volute

With no other available escape route, the fluid is passed to the outside of the impeller by centrifugal force and into the volute where its kinetic energy is converted into pressure. At the point of discharge (i.e., discharge nozzle), the fluid is highly pressurized compared to its pressure at the inlet nozzle of the pump. This pressure drives the... 

The inner vortex (often called the core of the vortex) rotates at a much higher velocity than the outer vortex. In the absence of solids, the radius of this inner vortex has been measured to be 0.4 to 0.8 r. With axial inlet cyclones, the inner core vortex is aligned with the axis of the gas outlet tube. With tangential or volute cyclone inlets, however, the vortex is not exactly aligned with the axis. The non-symmetric entry of the tangential or volute inlet causes the axis of the vortex to be slightly eccentric from the axis of the cyclone. This means that the bottom of the vortex is displaced some distance from the axis and can "pluck off and reentrain dust from the solids... 

A discharge volute is a very complex 3D component and a proper description of its geometry is fundamental. Two sections are typically defined to identify the inlet ( in ) and the outlet ( out ) of this component, and other intermediate sections are used to define its overall geometry as can be seen in Fig.(l). The net area circumferential distribution is chosen linear fi-om the initial section (0 = 0°) to the reference section ( 0 = ) and the transition fi-om the reference section to the end of the volute ( 0 = 360°) is designed to minimize diffusion and to meet the need for a smooth transition from the volute itself to the outlet flange, which is normally given by external constraints. 

Dipleg failure has the same effect as unsealing a dipleg. That is, gas. bypasses the normal cyclone inlet, and catalyst drainage from the cyclone volute is restricted. Damage to the cyclone body is fairly common in regenerators, but rare in reactors. Pluggage inside the cyclone volute is typically caused by refractory failure. 

Over the decades that cyclones have been used, many different reverse-flow cyclone geometries have been tried to improve efficiency, prevent particle attrition, prevent erosion of the cyclone wall, or prevent particle buildup on the cyclone surfaces. However, there are a few basic types that have emerged as the most popular over the years. Some of these cyclone types are shown in Fig. 3. The cyclones shown in this figure are the tangential inlet cyclone, the volute Met cyclone, and the axial inlet cyclone. This last type of cyclone uses axial swirl vanes to impel the gas solids mixture into rotary centrifugal motion. 

Figure 3 Schematic drawing of tangential, volute, and axial inlet cyclones.

Figure 3 is the assembled model pump. The stemlike projection at the top of the unit was used to afford a magnetic rpm pickup, and mounting, and an extension shaft for motor tests. An exploded view of this model is shown in Figure 4. At the top row are the motor housing, impeller, inducer, volute and inlet bell, all made of a high strength aluminum alloy. Below this, at each side of the rotor, are the ball bearings of 440-C stainless. These used micarta ball separators. At the bottom is the shaft, which was 304 stainless steel.

Stationary parts of a multistage centrifugal compressor include inlet guide vane, diaphragms, and casing. They form the various gas passages in a compressor inlet channel, diffusers, return bends, return channels, and discharge volute. 

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