Inlet and Outlet Piping

Inlet and outlet pipe circulation The coolant Hows from a source other than the surrounding medium through the inlet pipes and is discharged remotely through the outlet pipes 3 ... 

For revamps, exchangers with the low-pressure fluid on the tubeside can sometimes be re-rated for the two-thirds rule without any equipment redesign. However, the inlet and outlet piping up to and including the isolation valves may also need to be re-rated or redesigned for the two-thirds rule. 

The 1997 edition of the API RP 521 extends the two-thirds rule to include the upstream and downstream system. At a minimum, the inlet and outlet piping up to and including isolation valves must be designed for the two-thirds rule to be able to block in the exchanger. If the upstream and downstream equipment is not designed for the two-thirds rule, relief devices may be required on both the inlet and outlet piping to protect the piping and adjaeent equipment. 

This section describes the requirements for the design and installation of pressure relief valve inlet and outlet piping manifolds and valving, including safety valve and flare headers. 

Two types of boundary conditions are considered, the closed vessel and the open vessel. The closed vessel (Figure 8-36) is one in which the inlet and outlet streams are completely mixed and dispersion occurs between the terminals. Piston flow prevails in both inlet and outlet piping. For this type of system, the analytic expression for the E-curve is not available. However, van der Laan [22] determined its mean and variance as... 

Geometrieally defined boundaries within one phase aeross whieh exehanges oeeur eidier by bulk flow or by moleeular diffusion (e.g., nutrient inlet and outlet pipes). 

Efficient models of water heaters have thicker insulation, up to three inches thick, on some of the most efficient electric water heaters. Another means to increase efficiency is installing heat traps, or anti—convection devices, on the inlet and outlet pipes. Standard heat traps consist of short pipe nipple containing a small plastic ball. On the inlet side the ball is lighter than water and floats up to seal the inlet pipe. On the outlet side the ball is heavier than water and sinks against the seal. This prevents the heated... 

Equivalent Feet of Inlet and Outlet Piping Vertical Thermosiphon Reboiler... 

The fractional tubularity model has been used to fit residence time data in flui-dized-bed reactors. It is also appropriate for modeling real stirred tank reactors that have small amounts of dead time, as would perhaps be caused by the inlet and outlet piping. It is not well suited to modeling systems that are nearly in piston flow since such systems rarely have sharp first appearance times. 

Compare the total estimated pressure drop and the available head. If the available head is greater by a sufficient amount to allow for the pressure drop through the inlet and outlet piping, proceed. If the available head is not sufficient, return to step 2, and increase the number of tubes. 

The pressure drop over the inlet and outlet pipes could also be estimated, taking into account the bends, and expansions and contractions. 

A sewage treatment plant consists of several tanks in series with inlet and outlet pipes at opposite sides. The liquid and sludge are stirred by a weir that rotates slowly to keep solids suspended and to incorporate oxygen. 

This can be used to select the required size of safety valve. For the type of safety valve chosen, the next largest valve size has an actual area of 2.36x10 3 m2. The inlet and outlet pipe sizes for this valve are 0.075 m inlet and 0.1 m outlet. 

Inlet and outlet piping alignment Remove possible stresses on piping system. 

As far as maintenance is concerned, the pump motors must be lubricated periodically, and the pump must not be operated without liquid in it. The inlet piping must be designed to prevent cavitation. A metering pump should be calibrated not only before it is first used, but also periodically during its operation. The calibration should duplicate fluid properties, suction and discharge pressures, and inlet and outlet piping configuration. 

Figure 10-17 A mechanic is removing an SRV from a unit. The mechanic records the condition of the inlet and outlet piping components on the tag before the valve is...

Mechanics document SRV test results and observations on a checklist. This information includes initial test pressure, and the condition of seats, stems, guides, springs, and inlet and outlet piping upon arrival at the plant. The appropriate second-level supervisor receives these results and a copy is maintained in the central SRV records. [8]... 

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