Pultrusion injected

Application of Rheo-Kinetics Modeling to Reaction Injection Pultrusion. 22... 

The ring opening polymerization of cyclic monomers that yield thermoplastic polymers of interest in composite processing is reviewed. In addition, the chemistry, kinetics, and rheology of the ring opening polymerization of caprolactam to nylon 6 are presented. Finally, the rheo-kinetics modelsfor polycaprolactam are applied to the composite process of reaction injection pultrusion. 

Among the more common thermoplastics from ring opening polymerization of interest in composite processing are polylactams, polyethers, polyacetals, and polycycloolefins. It has also been shown that polycarbonates can be produced from cyclic carbonates [22], Anionic ring opening polymerization of caprolactam to nylon 6 is uniquely suited to form a thermoplastic matrix for fiber-reinforced composites, specifically by the reaction injection pultrusion process [23-25]. The fast reaction kinetics with no by-products and the crystalline... 

In this section a specialized set of equations governing transport of mass, momentum, and energy in resin transfer molding, injected pultrusion, and autoclave processing are obtained from the general balance equations presented in Section 5.3. This involves eliminating unimportant terms in the general balance equations based on the specific nature of the process. 

Injected pultrusion is a process in which fiber preforms are pulled through a mold where the liquid resin is injected into the fibers and then heated until the desired degree of cure in the... 

The first two impregnation methods clearly dominate in North America and, probably, most of the world, whereas injection pultrusion is favored in several European countries where the permissible volatile levels in the workplace tend to be the lowest. Although injection pultrusion may be the simplest way of solving the monomer emission problem, it is clearly possible to reduce this disadvantage of the first two impregnation methods through proper ventilation. 

As eluded to in the impregnation section, a die for injection pultrusion is of a different design. One may look upon such a die as a conventional die with an added impregnation section (see Fig. 11.2). Such a die, therefore, is longer, more complex, and more expensive than its more conventional counterpart. 

Table 9.72 Basic processing (resin transfer, injection, pultrusion, and reaction injection) methods as a function of part design ...

Luisier, A., Bourban, P. E. and Manson, J.-A. E., Reaction injection pultrusion of PA12 composites Process and modelling . Composites Part A Applied Science and... 

Dub6 et al. (1995) addressed both the issues of volatiles and fibre wetting with reaction injection pultrusion (RIP) process used to produce thermoplastic polyurethane and thennoset polyisocyanurate matrix composites. The low viscosity constituents used in RIP help in improving fibre impregnation, while the small volume of the impregnation bath reduces emissions. 

Lackey and Vaughan (1997) presented basic information that can be used in the development of resin injection pultrusion systems. Experimental results and observations were presented to demonstrate the importance of factors such as injection chamber design, injection pressure, type of fibre and the elimination of voids for resin injection pultrusion systems. 

Ding, Z. and Lee, L. J. (1999), Process analysis and simulation of resin injection pultrusion , Proceedings of the 31st International SAMPE Technical Conference, Chicago, USA. 

Jay, J. B. and James, V. G. (Owens Coming Fiberglass Technology Inc.) (1996), Method for Performing Resin Injected Pultrusion Employing Multiple Resins, WIPO Patent... 

Kommu, S., Khomami, B. and Kardos, J. L. (1998), Modeling of injected pultrusion processes A numerical approach , Polymer Composites, 19, 335-346. 

Liu, X. L. (2003a), A finite element/nodal volume technique for flow simulation of injection pultrusion . Composites Part A Applied Science and Manufacturing, 34(7), 649-661. 

Srinivasagnpta, D., Kardos, J. L. and Joseph, B. (2003), Rigorous dynamic model-based economic design of the injected pultrusion process with controllability considerations , Journal of Composite Materials, 37, 1851-1880. 

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