Initial velocity factors affecting

In searching for new explosives one is most concerned with performance (detonation velocity and pressure), thermal properties, and sensitivity. Whether a new candidate explosive is ultimately widely used may well be determined by other factors, such as cost, toxicity, melting point, etc., but the initial research effort is guided by the trinity of performance, thermal stability, and sensitivity. This presents a difficult multifactoral problem in assessing the various molecular properties that contribute to each of these principal selection criteria. For instance, detonation velocity is affected by density, elemental composition, and heat of formation. These factors must be varied together in such a way as to maximize the combined effect on performance. 

A reactive contaminant may be adsorbed on the soil surface prior to rainfall then, following rainfall that canses erosion, the soil is transported by rnnoff water in the form of suspended particles redistribnted on the land snrface. In general, the settling velocity distribntion dnring runoff indicates that the finer particles are resettled initially (Proffit et al. 1991), although the details of the settling process are affected by different environmental factors, such as soil type and rainfall rate. 

Expressions QeV0 and 425Qe take no consideration of the velocity of detonation, a very important factor in the kind of expl action, and one which is very considerably affected by the physical condition of the expl, its aggregate state, density, crystal form and granulation, as well as by extreme conditions of detonation, such as the initiating impulse, confinement and tamping (Ref 2, p 153)... 

Alumina and other ceramic membranes of various microfiluaiion pore sizes have been used for the separation of yeast (saccharomyces cerevisiae) from the broth and the clarification of thin stillage [Cheryan, 1994]. A typical flux of 110 L/hr-m can be obtained with a crossflow velocity of 4 m/s and a transmembrane pressure of 1.7 bars. The crossflow velocity is found to markedly affect the membrane flux. Concenuation factors (ratios of final to initial concentrations) of 6 to 10 for both the broth and the stillage can be achieved. Backflushing with a frequency of every 5 minutes and a duration of 5 seconds helps maintain the flux, particularly in the initial operating period. The permeate flux for both types of separation reaches steady state after 30 to 90 minutes. 

The mantle up to several hundred kilometers beneath the continents, particularly under the older cratons, forms deep keels characterized by fast seismic velocities, is Mg-rich, and depleted in Fe. It is less dense than the surrounding mantle, a factor that imparts stability to the keels, which thus float under the continents. Although the low Fe/Mg ratio and low Ca and A1 contents are generally attributed to the extraction of a partial melt, this subcontinental lithospheric mantle (SCLM) is apparently enriched in incompatible elements such as Ba, Th, U, Ta, Nb, La, Ce, and Nd and depleted in HREE, Ti, Sc, V, Al, and Ca relative to average abundances in the mantle. This element pattern indicative of both enrichment and depletion indicates that multistage processes must have occurred, with an initial extraction of a partial melt, followed by at least one stage of a secondary enrichment, often referred to a metasomatic event. Curiously, this event has apparently not affected the Fe/Mg ratios. 

The distribntor effect can be quite significant such that the gas-liquid mass transfer correlation can vary by up to a factor of 2 (Lau et al., 2004). The extent to which the gas distributor affects gas holdup and bubble dynamics depends on the BC geometry and snperficial gas velocity. The taller the column is, the smaller the influence of the initial bubble diameter will be on the global gas holdup. A higher superficial gas velocity increases the probability and frequency of bubble collisions and decreases the effect of the initial bubble diameter and gas distributor design. 

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