Initial miscibility, monomer with additive

Non-Aqueous Processes. Dispersions of composite particles in non-aqueous media (12) have been prepared. The particles were sterically stabilised to prevent flocculation and aggregation. This was achieved by physical absorption of amphipathic graft or block copolymer (13,14) or by covalent attachment of diluent-soluble oligomer or polymer chains (15) at the particle surface so that by definition different polymers were situated at the surface and in the bulk of the particles, even for single-polymer particles. Composite particles were prepared by slow addition of the second monomer which was fully miscible with the diluent phase, obviating a monomer droplet phase further monomer-soluble initiation and amphipathic graft stabiliser was included as appropriate so that the process comprised continued dispersion... 

Unlike the porous membrane, colloidal particles (such as PS or silica particle) are another type of template for the preparation of CPCs (Figure 11.10c). In previous work, core/shell PS/PANI composite particles were prepared by chemical oxidative seeded dispersion polymerization. A conventional coating protocol was employed as follows. The aniline monomer was dissolved in a strongly acidic solution in the presence of the PS seed latex (an alternative method involves using a miscible aniline hydrochloride monomer without external acid). Then polymerization was initiated by the addition of oxidant aqueous solution. The suspended PS particles were coated with PANI by in situ deposition of the formed conducting polymer or oligomer from the aqueous phase. 

Excimer fluorescence involving a complex (excited state-ground state) between adjacent or non-adjacent fluorescent units with the same polymer chain or intermolecular association between units on different chains can also be studied to assess phase behavior and the level of mixing in polymer blends. These studies generally involve the addition of low concentrations of aromatic polymers (capable of fluorescence) to non-fluorescent polymers. Excimer fluorescence is favored by phase separation, because the intermolecular associations of the fluorescent polymer will be shielded by the miscible non-fluorescent polymer, in which case monomer emission will be more dominant. This technique was developed and demonstrated initially by Frank and coworkers [333-335]. 

---