Information, quantitative versus qualitative

In contrast to angiography, IVUS provides quantitative information from within the vessel on diameter, circumference, luminal diameter, plaque volume, and percent stenosis. Qualitative information regarding the amount of plaque elevation, plaque composition (e.g., calcific, fibrous, or fatty plaque), and the presence of plaque versus thrombus, thrombus versus tumor, and aneurysm and hematoma can be provided with IVUS. IVUS is also used as a therapeutic adjunct with PTCA, atherectomy, stent or graft placement, and fibrinolysis, although routine use may not be justified. These combination procedures may be monitored in real time as the procedure (e.g., atherectomy) is being performed. 

Figure 6.3 shows the responses of the species to a pulse of G6P, in a plot of relative concentrations versus, time during the relaxation, after the pulse, back to the stationary state. Complete relaxation took about half an hour. As seen from the amplitudes of the responses in the plot, the temporal order of propagation of the pulse is G6P, F6P, DHAP, G3P, and 3PG. The time ordering of the maximum deviations agrees with this ordering except perhaps for G3P and 3PG. In some experiments, as in this one, the species FI, 6BP could not be measured adequately and is not shown. It is possible to extract qualitative information on rates but difficult to derive quantitative information. 

For speetroseopie analysis (e.g. XRF, XRD, IR, Raman, Mossbauer etc.), a plot of the observed intensity versus the eorresponding wavelength or frequeney (or some other related parameter) is ealled the spectrum of that particular analytical method. The spectrum or the data obtained from such experiments contain information about nature of the interactions, atomic and molecular energy levels, chemical bonds, crystallographic information and other related processes. When only the item of interest is identified, it is called qualitative analysis and when the amoimt present is estimated, it is known as quantitative analysis. The effect of heat on a sample is reflected through its variation of thermodynamic properties. Such studies are done by thermal analysis. 

Drainage experiments conducted using the AFM and SEA, which have the ability to probe fluid films of nano- and molecular thicknesses, may be able to yield detailed information on the superhydrophobic slip. A lot of data is already available. " The recent theory of hydrodynamic interaction between disks shed some light on what could happen qualitatively, but cannot be used for a quantitative analysis of the hydrodynamic data obtained with the AFM and SEA. The same remark concerns the use of a theory of a film drainage between smooth hydrophobic surfaces, which is not fully applicable to quantify a superhydrophobic slip. We believe that a challenge for a theory would be to extend a theoretical modeling of experimentally relevant sphere versus plane geometry. This will open many possibilities for new experiments and could revolutionize the field. 

The EAGM study entitled Comparative Life Cycle Assessment of Geosynthetics versus Conventional Construction Materials (Stucki et al., 2011) provided comprehensive qualitative and quantitative information about the environmental performance of commonly applied construction materials (ie, concrete) versus geosynthetics. It compared geosynthetic solutions with conventional (traditional) solutions using eight environmental impact indicators ... 

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