Inflammatory carcinogenesis

KATiYAR s K and MUKHTAR H (1997) Inhibition of phorbol ester tumor promoter 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-caused inflammatory responses in SENCAR mouse skin by black tea polyphenols . Carcinogenesis, 18 1911-16. 

Damage to connective caused by leakage of elastases leads to damage associated with inflammatory diseases, such as pulmonary emphysema, adult respiratory distress syndrome, septic shock, cystic fibrosis, carcinogenesis, chronic bronchitis, and rheumatoid arthritis. Compounds that directly inhibit elastase or its release from human neutrophils are of enormous pharmaceutical and cosmetological interest in the development of new anti-inflammatory drugs. A possible source for elastase inhibitors are the medicinal Asteraceae and Droseraceae, particularly those used as traditional medicine in Asia. 

Anti-neoplastic activity of UDCA was demonstrated first in the context of ulcerative colitis-associated colorectal carcinogenesis. Subsequently, encouraging (but not definitive) results have been obtained in clinical trials of UDCA for prevention of sporadic colorectal adenoma recurrence, which should prompt further evaluation of UDCA for polyp prevention, particularly given its excellent safety profile compared with other candidate chemoprevention agents such as the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. 

Crew TE, Elder DJE, Paraskeva C A. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) selective non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug enhances the growth inhibitory effect of butyrate in colorectal carcinoma cells expressing COX-2 protein regulation of COX-2 by butyrate. Carcinogenesis 2000 21 69-77. 

The concept that inflammation and carcinogenesis are related phenomena has been the subject of many studies that have attempted to link these two processes in a mechanistic fashion [94-99]. In connection with this, as is evident in some triterpenoids such as oleanolic acid (142), glycyrrhetic acid (147), and ursolic acid (210) in Table 2, those possessing anti-inflammatory activity in various experimental models exhibited antitumor-promoting activity as well. This suggests that most of the other anti-inflammatory triterpenoids and sterols listed in Table 2 might have antitumor-promoting properties which have not been evaluated, yet. 

Pro-inflammatory mediators, such as prostaglandins (PGs), nitric oxide (NO), and cytokines are involved in carcinogenesis [Kundu and Surh, 2005 Perwez... 

Bachmeier BE, Mohrenz TV, Mirisola V, Schleicher E, Romeo F, Hohneke C, Jochum M, Nerlich AG, Pfeffer U. 2008. Curcumin down-regulates the inflammatory cytokines CXCL1 and -2 in breast cancer cells via NFkappaB. Carcinogenesis 29 779-789. 

Nonn L, Duong D, Peehl DM. 2007. Chemopreventive anti-inflammatory activities of curcumin and other phytochcmicals mediated by MAP kinase phosphatase-5 in prostate cells. Carcinogenesis 28 1188-1196. 

Sandur SK, Pandey MK, Sung B, Ahn KS, Murakami A, Sethi G, Limtrakul P, Badmaev Y, Aggarwal BB. 2007. Curcumin, demethoxycurcumin, bisdemethoxy-curcumin, tetrahydrocurcumin and turmerones differentially regulate anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative responses through a ROS-independent mechanism. Carcinogenesis 28 1765-1773. 

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