Infective endocarditis subacute

Infective endocarditis caused by these streptococci typically has a subacute clinical course. The current cure rate is often over 90% unless complications occur, which is the case in more than 30% of patients.17 The majority of viridans streptococci remain very susceptible to penicillin, with most strains having a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of less than 0.125 mcg/mL.15,18 Organisms with decreased susceptibilities are increasing. Therefore, antibiotic susceptibilities need to be assessed in order to determine the most appropriate treatment regimen. 

Infective endocarditis Historically referred to as bacterial endocarditis, this is an infection, either acute or subacute, that primarily affects the heart valves, but may extend into other surrounding areas of the heart. 

Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura is a rare acute or subacute disease in adults, rather similar to the hemolytic uremic syndrome in children, in which there is systemic malaise, fever, skin purpura, renal failure, hematuria and proteinuria. Hemorrhagic infarcts caused by platelet microthrombi occur in many organs in the brain they may cause stroke-like episodes (Matijevic and Wu 2006) although more commonly there is global encephalopathy. The blood film shows thrombocytopenia, hemolytic anemia and fragmented red cells. The differential diagnosis includes infective endocarditis, idiopathic thrombocytopenia, heparin-induced thrombocytopenia with thrombosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, non-bacterial thrombotic endocarditis and disseminated intravascular coagulation. 

Gratz S, Raddatz D, Hagenah G, Behr TM, Behe M, Becker W (2000) " Tc-labelled antigranulocyte monoclonal antibody FAB fragments versus echocardiography in the diagnosis of subacute infective endocarditis. Int J Cardiol 75 75-84... 

Endocarditis is often referred to as either acute or subacute depending on the clinical presentation. Acute bacterial endocarditis is a fulminating infection associated with high fevers, systemic toxicity, and death within days to weeks if untreated. Subacute infectious endocarditis is a more indolent infection, usually occurring in a setting of prior valvular heart disease. 

Streptococcal infections Pharyngitis, rheumatic fever, otitis media and even for subacute bacterial endocarditis. Staphylococcal infections Penicillinase resistant penicillin can be used. Meningococcal infections Meningitis other infections caused by meningococci. 

Other chronic lung infections Human immunodeficiency virus Subacute bacterial endocarditis Osteomyelitis... 

The mitral and aortic valves are affected most commonly in cases involving a single valve. Subacute endocarditis tends to involve the mitral valve, whereas acute disease often involves the aortic valve. Up to 35% of cases involve concomitant infections of both the aortic and the mitral valves. Infection of the tricuspid valve is less common, with a majority of these cases occurring in patients with a history of IVDA. It is rare for the pulmonary valve to be infected. ... 

Subacute bacterial endocarditis Inherited deficit (recurrent infections/childhood)... 

Infections of AVF are less frequent than CLABSI, and usually occur at the cannulation site. Vascular surgeons should evaluate the AVF to determine the need for surgical resection. Regardless, these infections should be treated for 6 weeks, in analogy to subacute bacterial endocarditis. Antibiotic therapy should be guided by culture results and resistance profiles. AVG infections usually require surgical revision with either partial, subtotal or total excision of the graft. 

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