Induced controlled dispersion materials

To manipulate and control ultimate properties of processed materials (for example, the strength, electrical, or optical properties of suspensions or polymeric liquids can be modified via flow-induced orientation, dispersion or crystallization) ... 

The preceding equation shows that the transit time dispersion under weak field conditions is controlled by conventional diffusion, whereas at strong fields, the main contribution to Ate arises from the field-assisted diffusion term. A crossover from Atj to Atj occurs in the field dependence of the transit time dispersion that corresponds to the crossover from Atj E to Atj E in the dependence of the transit time dispersion on the transit time. It is worth noting that all parameters describing the contribution of the preceding equation are defined by independent measurements, while the contribution of the field-induced diffusion depends on the value of the effective release time, which is poorly known and can be very different in different disordered materials. 

Conventional routes to ceramics involve precipitation from solution, drying, size reduction by milling, and fusion. The availability of well-defined mono-dispersed particles in desired sizes is an essential requirement for the formation of advanced ceramics. The relationship between the density of ceramic materials and the sizes and packing of their parent particles has been examined theoretically and modeled experimentally [810]. Colloid and surface chemical methodologies have been developed for the reproducible formation of ceramic particles [809-812]. These methodologies have included (i) controlled precipitation from homogeneous solutions (ii) phase transformation (iii) evaporative deposition and decomposition and (iv) plasma- and laser-induced reactions. 

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