Indoor spectra

Sunbeds with fluorescent lamps that emit in the UVA and UVB are used for indoor tanning. They are supposed to simulate the solar UV spectrum and have therefore similar effects on the human skin. However, the intensity of radiation is often not monitored, and excessive exposure may cause serious dermatological health problems. A more detailed analysis reveals that the long-wave UV (UVA) is mainly responsible for the tanning while UVB radiation tends to be more dangerous. 

Apart from a few applications, such as UV disinfection and lacquer hardening, the intensity of UV radiation is well below that of visible light in ambient daylight or indoor lighting. A UV sensor must therefore be insensitive to visible light, otherwise the detection signal would easily be drowned out by the visible fraction of the radiation spectrum. Sensors that fulfill this requirement have a selective spectral sensitivity in the UV range. There are two important selectivities, known as visible-blindness and solar-blindness. 

Air/liquid (A/L) interface, adsorption of surfactants at, 24 133-138 Air mass zero (AMO) spectrum, 23 37 Air monitoring, for hydrazine, 13 589 Air oxidized pan, 11 194 Air-path XRF, in fine art examination/ conservation, 11 403—404 Air pollutants. See also Nitrogen oxides (NO j Particulate matter Sulfur oxides (SOJ Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) air toxics, 1 789, 801-802 carbon monoxide, 1 789, 798 common, 26 667 criteria pollutants, l 813t indoor, 1 802-805, 820-823, 821t lead, 1 789, 801... 

Insufficient natural light can lead to depression, tiredness, or overeating. In the winter, especially in colder countries, the level of indoor light produces only about a tenth of the illumination of a full day of natural light. A form of winter blues that can result from this is known as seasonal affective disorder (SAD). It affects around 1% of the population (more women than men) but can be successfully treated with special full spectrum light units fitted in the home or office (Thomas, 1997 and General References). 

The most direct way to carry out the measurements is in places where the measured solar spectrum is found to be nearly identical to the standard AM1.5G spectrum. By measuring the temperature dependence and irradi-ance dependence of the I/V curve parameters, cell properties may be adjusted to the SRC. Since in most places around the world these SRC conditions cannot be met, characterisation laboratories have been set up with suitable apparatus and procedures to do accurate indoor efficiency measurements under SRC according to international standard norms (ASTM, IEC). This involves... 

Abstract Building products, furnishings and other indoor materials often emit volatile and semivolatUe organic compounds (VOCs and SVOCs). With respect to a healthy indoor environment, only low emitting products, which do not influence the indoor air quality in a negative way, should be used in a building. Therefore, materials and products for indoor use need to be evaluated for their chemical emissions. Many emission studies have shown that the types of sources in occupational and residential indoor environments, the spectrum of emitting VOCs and SVOCs, the emission rate and the duration of emission cover a wide... 

Plant Care How could fluorescent light tubes be altered to supply indoor lighting in the blue and red region of the visible spectrum for raising plants ... 

The photoreactivity of a pure drug substance will follow the basic law of photochemical absorption, i.e., a photochemical (or subsequent photobiological) reaction cannot occur unless nonionizing radiation is absorbed by the compound. Determination of the absorption spectrum of a drug will immediately establish whether the substance can absorb the optical radiation present in natural daylight or indoor... 

Xenon arc gas discharge lamps are recognized to approximate the spectrum of sunlight better than any other commercially available light sources. For this reason they are extensively used in commercial equipment for the indoor testing of polymers. Experiments with these instruments have been found to correlate well with outdoor tests. 

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