Indoor Pesticide model

Hawthorne, A., et al. (1987) Models for estimating organic emissions from building materials formaldehyde example. Atmos. Environ. 21, No. 2. Lewis, R. G., et al. (1986) Monitoring for non-occupational exposure to pesticides in indoor and personal respiratory air. Presented at the 79th Annual Meeting of the Air Pollution Control Association, Minneapolis, MN. 

Using a model that was developed to estimate exposure to pesticides when spraying plants indoors to describe an outdoor situation will not correctly capture the different dispersion conditions outdoors. 

Source and Sink Behavior of Aerosol Droplets 217 Sink Degradation of Pesticides in Indoor Air 218 Sink Diffusion of Pesticides into Room Materials 219 MODEL VALIDATION 220 Conceptual Validation 220 Numerical Validation 221 SOFTWARE OVERVIEW 225 EUSES and USES 225 Features 225 Theoretical 226 Remarks 227 CONSEXPO 227 Features 227 Theoretical 227 Remarks 229 SCIES 229 Features 229 Theoretical 230 Remarks 230 MCCEM 231 Features 231 Theoretical 232 Remarks 232 THERdbASE 232... 

Each model developed by using the above frameworks contains source and/or sink terms. The source terms add the pesticide to the residential environment, while the sink terms remove it from the environment. Here, details regarding a number of importaut source and sink terms, specifically, evaporation, aerosol droplets, material sinks and degradation in indoor air, are provided. 

Room temperature may be a key factor in estimations and thus the temperature should be included in the model, since it can have a considerable effect on evaporation (Schenk et al., 1997). Matoba et al. (1995b) have shown the dependency of room temperature and humidity of indoor movement of pesticides by... 

INdoor PESTticide (InPest) was developed by Matoba et al. (1993, 1994b, 1995a,b, 1998a,b,c) based on the Engacity Model to simulate pesticide behavior applied in a room enviromnent. It has the following features ... 

Matoba, Y., I. Yoshimura, I. Ohnishi, N. Mikami and M. Matsuo (1998c). Development of the simulation model InPest for prediction of the indoor behavior of pesticides, J. Air Waste Management Assoc., 48, 969-978. 

Most ecotoxicity is linked to the use of pesticides. The use of formalin in disinfection plays a smaller role, although as discussed above exposure in enclosed environments is not modelled. In industries dominated by smallholders with low capital, it is crucial to train farmers to use these effectively and safely, as incorrect practices can incur serious health risks. For a more complete assessment of occupational health risks in sericulture and reeling, USEtox should be used in conjunction with models to assess indoor exposure (see, e.g. Rosenbaum, 2014). 

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