Indium selenates

Tananaev et al. have determined the solubility of indium selenate in water at 293 K to be 1.87 mol(ln2(Se04)3)-kg in a number of papers (see below). The composition of the solid phase is reported to be ln2(Se04)3-9H20(cr). The review accepts 

No other thermodynamic data have been found for indium selenates. 

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A proprietary tetrachromate bath has been used in Germany under the name of the D process. By the use of additions of magnesium oxide and sodium tungstate it is claimed that the current efficiency of the bath can be raised to as high as 35-40%. Other additives such as indium sulphate, sodium selenate or sodium hexavanadate enable bright deposits to be obtained. 

In searching to formulate a mechanism of CuInSc2 phase formation by one-step electrodeposition from acid (pH 1-3) aqueous solutions containing millimolar concentrations of selenous acid and indium and copper sulfates, Kois et al. [178] considered a number of consecutive reactions involving the formation of Se, CuSe, and Cu2Se phases as a pre-requisite for the formation of CIS (Table 3.2). Thermodynamic and kinetic analyses on this basis were used to calculate a potential-pH diagram (Fig. 3.10) for the aqueous Cu+In-i-Se system and construct a distribution diagram of the final products in terms of deposition potential and composition ratio of Se(lV)/Cu(ll) in solution. 

TAN/KAD] Tananaev, I. V., Kadoshnikova, N. V., Double selenates of indium and univalent cations, Zh. Neorg. Khim., 21, (1982), 2113-2119, in Russian, English translation in [82TAN/KAD2]. Cited on page 247. 

The indium(m) selenate In2(SeO4)3,9H20 has been prepared by dissolving freshly precipitated indium hydroxide in dilute selenic acid. Thermal... 

The corrosion protection is increased if a crack-free chromium layer or a chromium layer with microcracks is added to the copper/nickel or to the nickel or double nickel layer. A crack-free chromixun film is possible if special additives are added to the chromium-plating electrolyte. Manganese salts, selenic acid, and indium sulfate are mentioned in the literature. The film also has to be sufficiently thick (>22 pm). The stabiKty of the film is not very high because crack formation is a permanent process in these films. 

In addition, regioselective Markovnikov hydroselenation of terminal alkynes using indium(III) selenates is also reported [97],... 

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