Indirect transfer plate

Krauss Maffei Corporation manufactures an indirectly heated plate dryer with arms and plows that transfer the material to be dried from the top of the unit to the discharge at the bottom, being conveyed downward in a spiral fashion by a rotating shaft to which stationary plates are attached. An illustration of this dryer is found... 

Contact printing—involves direct transfer of ink from plate to substrate or indirect transfer via an offset stage. 

For indirect heating, the plate-and-frame heat exchanger is generally more effective than the shell-and-tube type for heat transfer due to its larger heat-transfer area. However, the former is limited to lower pressures (normally less than 20 atm) due to its weak structural strength compared with the latter. The plate-and-frame type is also favorable for the sterilization of a high viscous system. 

It is important to remember that the diffusion coefficient is proportional to temperature and inversely proportional to viscosity. This means that high-viscosity solvents cause slow diffusion, which results in low plate counts (if the HETP is dominated by mass transfer, which it is in most practical cases). It also means that temperature improves the diffusion in two ways first directly by speeding up diffusion, and then indirectly by reducing the viscosity. 

Fluidized beds equipped with internal heaters or immersed tubes transfer heat indirectly to the drying material. Horizontal tube bundles (Figure 8.15) are used extensively compared to vertical type. Tube pitch is an important design parameter. Fluidizing gas stream fluidizes the material and carries over the evaporated moisture. As a result, total sensible heat of gas and thus quantity of gas required are reduced. Immersed tubes or internally heated FBDs are used to dry smaller-size or fine powders. This is because the heat transfer coefficient decreases with increasing particle size. Instead of tubes, vertical plates are also used as immersed heaters. 

The plate dryer (PD) is an indirect dryer in which heat transfer is accomplished by conduction between the heated plate surface and the product. It comes under three major variations, e.g., atmospheric, gas tight, and vacuum. 

For LSC, radioactive zones are scraped from a glass-backed layer or cut from a layer with flexible backing (plastic or aluminum) and transferred into a vial, mixed with a scintillation solution (commercial cocktails are available), and indirectly quantified based on measurement of the light energy produced in a scintillator counter with a photomultiplier tube (PMT). As an alternative, scraped or cut zones can be eluted with solvent into a vial to isolate the radiolabeled sample and then counted. The number of counts for each zone can be plotted as a histogram profile of the radioactivity in the chromatogram along the lane of a TLC plate. 

Dry offset n. An indirect letterpress process in which the ink is transferred from a relief plate to a blanket and then to the stock. Also known as letterset. 

Offset of- Set (ca. 1555) n. An indirect form of printing in which the ink is transferred from the printing plate to a rubber blanket and subsequently to the sheet. 

Lithography is the process of making an image on a flat stone or metal plate and using ink to print the image onto another surface. Areas of the plate are etched or treated chemically in order to attract or repel ink. The ink is then transferred, directly or indirectly, to the surface where the final image appears. 

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