Indication of temperature

Shimizu, M. and Shikazono, N. (1985) Iron and zinc partitioning between coexisting stannite and sphalerite a possible indicator of temperature and sulfur fugacity. Mineralium Deposita, 20, 314-320. 

The thermal time constant, which gives an indication of temperature control... 

Filled-System Thermometers The filled-system thermometer is designed to provide an indication of temperature some distance removed from the point of measurement. The measuring element (bulb) contains a gas or liquid that changes in volume, pressure, or vapor pressure with temperature. This change is communicated through a capillary tube to a Bourdon tube or other pressure- or volume-sensitive device. The Bourdon tube responds so as to provide a motion related to the bulb temperature. Those systems that respond to volume changes are completely filled with a liquid. Systems that respond to... 

The correct indication of temperature is important and the probes must be checked on a regular basis. Temperature indicators should have an internal check of the continuity of the probe s wires. Any breakage should be indicated on the display. The probe s sheath should be made from a material that is not attacked by any vapors that are present. Both RTD and "K" type probes have been shown to be satisfactory. 

Table XI, page 144, gives indications of temperatures of processing for a number of materials. With cellulose nitrate plastics in particular there was a risk of explosion if over-heating took place, so besides all normal safety precautions for press-work the operating temperature of presses was subject to strict control.

Until recently most models for komatiite genesis would have interpreted these very high mantle potential temperatures as evidence for a plume origin and indicative of temperatures substantially higher than the ambient mantle. 

The clay mineral associations may be used as indicators of temperature and degree of metamorphism reached by their enclosing rocks (Kubler 1964,1973). The chemical composition of the rock and of the interstitial fluid together with the mineralogy of the terrigenous rocks also furnishes characteristic indicators for the determination of the mineral associations formed at these temperatures. 

In reference literature, oxidation electrode potentials are included with the indication of temperature (usually 25 °C). They may, however, be calculated. To do this, first of all determined reaction s free enthalpy AZ° from equation (1.103), and then equations (2.4) and (2.15) are used, the calculation methodology is illustrated by example 2.1. 

ANTICIPATORS - A small heater element in two-position temperature controllers which deliberately cause false indications of temperature in the controller in an at tempt to minimize the override of the differential and smooth out the temperature variation in the controlled space. 

Schwarz and Knoetze [24] found that for their VLE data an approximately linear relationship exists between temperature and the phase transition pressure at constant composition. This relationship has a positive gradient and indicates a higher solubility at lower temperatures, converse to that of the solid-vapour equilibrium (SVE) phase behaviour. This positive gradient was also found through the entire mass fraction range studied and the authors did not find any indications of temperature inversions in this system. 

The pitch of a cholesteric may vary quite rapidly with temperature, particularly if the phase diagram of the material contains a cholesteric to smectic A transition just below the temperature range of interest since the pitch in this case diverges to infinity as the smectic A phase is approached. Thus, the color of the selective reflection can be used a s a sensitive indicator of temperature. Material for this purpose is incorporated into plastic films with a black backing to absorb the unreflected polarization, or it is encapsulated to apply as a paint and used for a variety of medical, engineering, and consumer applications. 

Activation energies are the indication of temperature effects on hydroprocessing reactions. Escalona et estimated activation energies from... 

The experiments of Gay-Lussac also showed that, at constant pressure, the coefficient of expansion of all dilute gases had nearly the same value of 1/273 per degree Celsius. Thus a gas thermometer in which the volume of a gas at constant pressure was the indicator of temperature t, had the quantitative relation... 

Therefore, the discharge temperature should always be checked against the actual temperature for a specific rotor speed/compound formulation/machine temperature and then the temperature indicator on the mixer should be used as an indication of temperature change and not of the actual temperature of the stock. The same comment applies to infra-red temperature measurement as the infra-red emis-sivity of the stock depends on the colour, texture, etc., of the stock. 

Further suspicions of deposition of oil degradation products arose from observations that, just before the shutdown on 29 June, there had been indications of temperature increases in a number of core sub-assemblies, suggesting reduction of coolant flow through the inlet filters. 

Manley [28] examined a cured phenolic formaldehyde resin (PF) by means of TG-DTA-MS observing a lower sensitivity of TG relative to DTA. (However, new TGA instrumental developments have been reported since.) The TG curve shows loss of phenol m/z 94) DTA observed water m/z 18), ammonia m/z 17) and formaldehyde m/z 29), indicating disrupture of cross-links greatly affecting the mechanical properties of moulded PF compounds. The MS traces show catastrophic deterioration of PF resins at 200°C. The DTA trace also signals a change around 200°C. DTA is thus a useful indicator of temperatures at which engineering... 

Many furan derivatives have been identified as degradation products associated with browning in citrus products and model systems. Generally, furan derivatives are considered important aroma constituents from a sensory point of view. They are mainly associated with sweet, fhiity, nutty or caramel-like odor impressions. Furans apparently determine the overall browning of storage-abused citrus products 16, 17). Among them, hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) and furfural are two major furan derivatives in citrus juices, and both HMF and furfural are considered as useful indicators of temperature abuse in citrus juices. 

Mountainous areas, particularly in die western United States, provide a large fraction of the fresh water supply. This reserve, which supplies most of California s growing water needs, is vulnerable to changes in climate. Regional precipitation patterns, especially snow, which is a sensitive indicator of temperature and precipitation changes, are predicted to vary according to future climate models. 

Thermistors have been used in another attempt to avoid heating of thermocouple wires. Unfortunately, these devices are liable to be limited in the temperature ranges within which they can be used to obtain resu lts(22). Bosisio et al developed an alternative approach in which the material properties %iere monitored by a calibrated signal at a second, lower frequency. Changes in this second signal could then be used to provide an indication of temperature. Such a system may well find seme applications, though it is liable to be expensive. 

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