INDEX sustained-release

Improvements in asthma treatment include the development of more effective, safer formulations of known dmgs. The aerosol adrninistration of P2-agonists or corticosteroids results in a decrease in side effects. Also, the use of reUable sustained release formulations has revolutionized the use of oral xanthines which have a very narrow therapeutic index (see Controlled release technology). For many individuals, asthma symptoms tend to worsen at night and the inhaled bronchodilatots do not usually last through an entire night s sleep (26,27). 

Theophylline, a dimethylxanthine, causes broncho-dilation, possibly by inhibiting the enzyme phosphodiesterase in smooth muscle of the bronchioli. An other proposed mechanism of action is that of adenosine receptor antagonism. It has positive chronotropic and inotropic, CNS stimulant and weak diuretic properties. In obstructive lung disease sustained release tablets are to be preferred. Theophy-line has a narrow therapeutic index. Therapeutic plasma concentrations are between 7-15 mg/1. Theophylline undergoes N-demethylation via CYPl A2 in the liver and is eliminated in the urine as metabolites... 

Chauhan BS, Jaimini M, Sharma S, Bajaj R. Effect of formulation variables on the swelling index of acyclovir sustained release tablets using xanthan gum and sodium alginate. Res J Pharm Sci. 3 (1) 1-7, 2014. 

Hou H, Nieto A, Ma F, Freeman WR, Sailor MJ, Cheng L (2014) Tunable sustained intravitreal drug delivery system for daunorubicin using oxidized porous silicon. J Control Release 178 46-54 Hull R (1999) Properties of crystalline silicon, vol 20, EMIS datareview series. lEE Press, London Ilyas S, Gal M (2006) Gradient refractive index planar microlens in Si using porous silicon. Appl Phys Lett 89 211123... 

In early 2012, the Sustainable Apparel Coalition, an association of over 60 apparel and footwear brands, retailers and suppliers, and non-profit organizations, released the Higg Index 1.0 for Sustainable Apparel. 

Octoxynol-40 It is ethoxylated alkyl phenols which appear as water white to light amber viscous liquids. Octoxynol-40 has HLB index of about 18. Polymeric hydrophilic corona of octoxynol-40 interacts with the external aqueous phase and prevents drug interaction with aqueous solution resulting in a stable aqueous solution. Also, the interaction between encapsulated drug and polymers may sustain drug release [99]. 

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