INDEX pyrolysis

Process Furaxce Cost, S - [Base cost (Fa + Fm + Fp)]index Pyrolysis or Reformer Fmice Cost, S. [Base cost (Fa + Fp)] index Adjustment factors... 

CAS No. Name (per CA Collective Index) Pyrolysis of Individual Component Effect on Mainstream Smoke Composition, When Component Added in a Mixture... 

The oxygen index method was used to demonstrate synergy. This method measures ease of ignition, that is the facility with which a material or it s pyrolysis products can be ignited under given conditions of temperature and oxygen concentration. This test is indicative of the intrinsic flamability of a material but... 

Methylene cyclopropene (5), the simplest triafulvene, is predicted to be of very low stability. From different MO calculations5 it has been estimated to possess only minor resonance stabilization ranging to 1 j3. Its high index of free valency4 at the exocyclic carbon atom causes an extreme tendency to polymerize, a process favored additionally by release of strain. Thus it is not surprising that only one attempt to prepare this elusive C4H4-hydrocarbon can be found in the literature. Photolysis and flash vacuum pyrolysis of cis-l-methylene-cyclopropene-2,3-dicarboxylic anhydride (58), however, did not yield methylene cyclopropene, but only vinyl acetylene as its (formal) product of isomerization in addition to small amounts of acetylene and methyl acetylene65 ... 

Design practices stem from standard fire test procedures in which the temperature history of the test furnace is regarded as an index of the destructive potential of a fire. Thus, the practice of describing the expected effects and damage mechanism is based on temperature histories. This standard design practice is convenient but lacks accuracy in terms of structural performance. The severity of a fire should address the expected intensity of the heat flux that will impact the structure and the duration of heat penetration. A simple analysis of the expect nature of an unwanted fire can be based on the heats of combustion and pyrolysis of the principal contents in the facility. The heat of combustion will identify the destructive nature of the fire, while the heat of pyrolysis will identify the severity of the fire within the compartment itself and will also identify the destructive potential of the fire in adjacent spaces. 

PTFE decomposes to TFE with first-order kinedcs and a 347.4-kJ/mol activation energy under vacuum pyrolysis conditions It is extremely flame resistant and does not bum in air Its limiting oxygen index (LOI). the minimum oxygen content of an atmosphere under ambient conditions that sustains combustion, is 96%, which means that it requires almost pure oxygen for combustion... 

Figure 3. Partial FID chromatograms (/z-Cg to n-C9 region) from flash pyrolysis of Monterey Fm. kerogens, Santa Barbara basin. Open and closed circles indicate w-alk-l-enes and /z-alkanes respectively. Depth of burial, Rock-Eval pyrolysis Tmax, Hydrogen Index (HI), and the thiophene ration (TR) are shown.

Figure 10. FPD chromatograms from flash pyrolysis of Mahakam coals. Sample depth, vitrinite reflectance, Rock-Eval Tmax, hydrogen index (HI) and the thiophene ratio (TR) are shown. Peak identifications are given in Table V.

The degree of flammability of a polymeric material may be predicted from its chemical structure. One of the most valuable criteria in fire research, the so-called limiting oxygen index (LOI) may be estimated either from the specific heat of combustion or from the amount of char residue on pyrolysis. Since both quantities can be determined if the chemical structure is known, also the LOI can be estimated. An approximate assessment of the LOI value direct from the elementary composition of the polymer is also possible. 

Estimate the char residue on pyrolysis of polycarbonate and its limiting oxygen index. 

Ltndberg JJ, Ratsanen S, Niemt R (1982) GC-MS studies on the pyrolysis of wood and lignin Gov Rep Announce Index (US) 1984 84 163-173 Linskens HF, Jackson JF (1986) Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York Tokyo, 304 pp... 

The KSF severity index is defined as a logarithmic function of the conversion A/ of a reference hydrocarbon present in the feed. Zdonik selected M-pentaoe. a compound that is always present in naphthas, and which offers the advantage that it cannot be formed in the pyrolysis of the other components by a side reaction. 

For polymers whose pyrolysis products are not inhibitors for the flaming reaction, Van Krevelen established a simple empirical correlation between the limiting oxygen index and the coke residue ... 

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