Inadequate support

The feed pipes connecting the reactors were 28 inches in diameter. Because only 20-inch pipe stock was available at the plant, the connections to reactor 4 and reactor 6 were made using flexible bellows-type piping, as shown in Figure 1-10. It is hypothesized that the bypass pipe section ruptured because of inadequate support and overflexing of the pipe section as a result of internal reactor pressures. Upon rupture of the bypass, an estimated 30 tons of cyclohexane volatilized and formed a large vapor cloud. The cloud was ignited by an unknown source an estimated 45 seconds after the release. 

Inadequate support of hose or loading arm and its weight during transfer... 

Inadequately supported small piping and pressure gauges... 

The pipe was connected without an adequate check on its strength and on inadequate supports. 

Most glass vaeuum systems need some type of support to prevent relative movement of the components. Special attention must be given to large stopeoeks eonsiderable force may be required to turn them and inadequate support may easily result in breakage to the glassware. 

The cyclohexane volatilizes immediately when depressurized from reaction conditions (e.g., 155 °C, 8 atm) to atmospheric conditions. This leads to potentially dangerous operations for instance, in June 1974 an acddent occurred at Flix-borough, England, with several casualties and injuries. Because of the inadequate support of a flexible bellow-type piping between two reactors, installed to replace a reactor that had been removed for maintenance, a rupture occurred, and an estimated 30 tons of cydohexane volatilized and formed a large vapor cloud. The doud was ignited by an unknown source approximately 45 seconds after release. 

This led to difficulty in assembling packs—the use of too much oversize spacer made it difficult to close the pack, while the use of too much undersize spacer led to inadequate support of the membranes. It is now considered that rather than trying to match the spacer thickness to the gasket, the reverse is to be preferred, as with a somewhat resilient gasket variations in spacer thickness can be accommodated and a firmer membrane assembly be obtained. 

Inadequate support equipment Inaccessible work area D... 

Operating heavy machinery — Employees that operate heavy equipment for hours at a time can suffer from spine and neck pain. Prolonged sitting stresses the body, particularly the lower back and the thighs. This may cause the lower back (lumbar) region to bow outward if there is inadequate support. This abnormal curvature (called k5q)hosis) can lead to painful lower back problems, a common complaint among drivers. 

The company that owned and operated the crane was issued three repeat citations for operating the crane in high winds, inadequate support for the crane s outriggers, and not inspecting the jobsite to identify and correct these and other hazards. OSHA had cited the company in the past for similar hazards. The company was also issued six serious citations for ... 

Ineffective Loss Prevention Program Inadequate support by top management Lack of assigned responsibility... 

H S Risks Full supporting COSHH data Inadequate supporting COSHH data ... 

Parts improperly mounted or inadequately supported, such as lines, tubing, fittings, wiring and controls, and those subjected to cyclical operation, vibration, or reactive movement of pressure or tension... 

Inadequate supports or guards Inadequate warning systems Poor housekeeping Poor illumination Poor ventilation Radiation exposure... 

Struck by counterweights. The potential for unintended movement from Inadequately supported counterweights and from hoisting counterweights. 

Sagging. (1) The permanent distortion by downward bending of vitreous enamelware that is inadequately supported during firing... 

While nobody can guarantee the safety of any human measure under all circumstances, the safety of the adjustment of drinking water fluoride to about 1 ppm is supported by so large and so manifold scientific material and clinical data that any health hazard with this measure is extremely improbable. Specific claims of such hazards have been few and inadequately supported. 

During interactive modes, insufficient unloading from either inadequate support levels or from dys-synchronous flow can produce or perpetuate muscle dysfunction, from imposed loading (35-38). Mechanical ventilation can also produce muscle dysfunction if only controlled ventilation is used for prolonged periods. This ventilator-induced diaphragmatic dysfunction is akin to muscle atrophy in other skeletal muscles (33,34). 

The Safety Board determined that inadequate support under the plastic fitting resulted in long-term stress intensification that led to the formation of a circumferential crack in the fitting. Available documentation indicates that the crack was brittle-like. 

---