In-Vitro Monitoring

For determination of the metabolites in human blood, samples were collected from veins into heparinized or EDTA containing tubes. For glucose analysis, NaF 

Metabolite Linear range (mM) CV (%) Sample volume (pi) Correlation coefficient Reference method 

The results indicate that the linear ranges of glucose and lactate (oxidase reactions) in whole blood correspond well with those of the same metabolites in buffers. The sensor methods and the reference methods were in good correlation for all analytes. The precision for the standards in buffers was always better (about 2-3%) than that of the blood samples. This was ascribed in part to the instability of the metabolite concentrations in blood, particularly that of lactate. In addition, the blood viscosity and the nonspecific heat in the reaction can also affect the final results. 

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Invasiveness of the chemiluminescence (CL) lines was measured by in vitro and in vivo methods. The in vitro monitoring process comprised the movement of cells across a membrane of defined pore size within a specially designed growth chamber or MlCS (membrane invasion culture system). A 10-p diameter Nucleopore membrane was coated with a mixture of laminin (to promote invasion), collagen, and gelatin. Cells were added to the top side of the chamber in media and the extent of cell movement into the bottom of the chamber (invasion) through the membrane determined. 

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Figure 13-2. KaiC phosphorylation rhythm in vitro monitored over 72 h. Gel image courtesy of Ximing Qin and Tetsuya Mori (Johnson laboratory, Vanderbilt University)...

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Yasmin, Z., Khachatryan, E., Lee, Y.-H., Maswadi, S., Glickman, R., Nash, Ki., 2015. In vitro monitoring of oxidative processes with self-aggregating gold nanoparticles using all-optical photoacoustic spectroscopy. Biosens. Bioelectron. 64, 676—682. 

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Chang, S. C., Pereira-Rodrigues, N., Henderson, J. R. et al. 2005. An electrochemical sensor array system for the direct, simultaneous in vitro monitoring of nitric oxide and superoxide production by cultured... 

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