In polysaccharides and glycoconjugates

Sialic acids occur in a-glycosidic linkage as components of oligosaccharides, polysaccharides, and glycoconjugates.19,41-44 As binding... 

Jennings HH, Pon RA (1996) Polysaccharides and glycoconjugates as human vaccines. In Dumitriu S (ed) Polysaccharides in Medicinal Applications. Marcel Dekker, New York, p 443... 

A more recent international journal. Journal of Carbohydrate Chemistry, was introduced in 1982. It requires camera-ready copy and is devoted primarily to the organic and physical chemistry of carbohydrates, such as novel synthetic methods mechanisms involved in carbohydrate reactions uses of carbohydrates in the synthesis of natural products, drugs, and antibiotics use of carbohydrates as synthetic reagents separation methods as applied to carbohydrate reactions and synthesis spectroscopic and crystallographic structure studies of carbohydrates molecular modeling studies and the chemistry of carbohydrate polymers, oligosaccharides, polysaccharides, and glycoconjugates. 

Three 3-deoxynonulosonic acids containing amino groups are known. The most abundant of these is 5-amino-3,5-deoxy-D- /yc ro-D-ga/acto-nonulosonic acid (neuraminic acid, 27), which occurs in different extracellular polysaccharides. Some of these, like colominic acid from E. coli K1, are homopolysaccharides. Neuraminic acid is generally A-acetylated and, as in the animal glycoconjugates, has only been found in the a-pyranosyl form (27). It also occurs in some LPS, for example those from some Rhodobacter... 

The hydrazide derivative of AMCA can be used to modify aldehyde- or ketone-containing molecules, including cytosine residues using the bisulfite activation procedure described in Chapter 27, Section 2.1. AMCA-hydrazide reacts with these target groups to form hydrazone bonds (Figure 9.26). Carbohydrates and glycoconjugates can be labeled specifically at their polysaccharide portion if the required aldehydes are first formed by periodate oxidation or another such method (Chapter 1, Section 4.4). 

In the literature, there are several examples of partial hydrolysis of polysaccharides or glycoconjugates containing 2-amino-2-deoxyhex-ose residues. One example is the hydrolysis of carboxyl-reduced, N deacetylated chondroitin, with the formation of 4-0-(2-amino-2-deoxy-/3-D-galactopyranosyl)-D-glucose.51 Another is the isolation of 6-0-(2-amino-2-deoxy-/8-D-galactopyranosyl)-D-galactose after N-de-acetylation and partial hydrolysis of the pentasaccharide (19) obtained... 

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