In-Plane Structures

The first lithiated graphitic carbons (lithium-graphite intercalation compounds, abbreviated as Li-GIC s), 

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L. The liquid-expanded, L phase is a two-dimensionally isotropic arrangement of amphiphiles. This is in the smectic A class of liquidlike in-plane structure. There is a continuing debate on how best to formulate an equation of state of the liquid-expanded monolayer. Such monolayers are fluid and coherent, yet the average intermolecular distance is much greater than for bulk liquids. A typical bulk liquid is perhaps 10% less dense than its corresponding solid state. 

Additional advantages of this structure include the possibility of using a rela-. tively thick layer of polymer in the order of 1 p compared to 100 nm of conventional OLEDs. In turn, this permits the fabrication of in-plane structures where in-terdigitated electrodes are deposited on the substrate and overcoatcd with the... 

Fig. 13—In-plane structure illustrated by results from simulations of liquid argon charts from (a) through (f) show the probability of particle distribution in different layers across the film, from the place adjacent to the wall stretching to the middle of the film.

In graphitic carbon, the in-plane structure of graphene layers is almost the same as in graphite except the lateral extent of the layers increases with heat-treatment... 

Thin films of block copolymer melts, and block copolymers adsorbed at the liquid-liquid interface, have been investigated using specular reflectivity (largely neutron reflectivity due to the ability to vary the scattering contrast). Off-specular reflection is, in principle, a powerful method for determining in-plane structure in block copolymer films but is not yet widely used. 

The use of the Coanda effect is based on the desire to have a second passive momentum to speed up mixing in addition to diffusion [55, 163], The second momentum is based on so-called transverse dispersion produced by passive structures, which is in analogy with the Taylor convective radial dispersion ( Taylor dispersion ) (see Figure 1.180 and [163] for further details). It was further desired to have a flat ( in-plane ) structure and not a 3-D structure, since only the first type can be easily integrated into a pTAS system, typically also being flat A further design criterion was to have a micro mixer with improved dispersion and velocity profiles. 

Fig. 7 Basic structures of the three low-dimensional phases of C60. Upper part shows the basic structures obtained by linking spherical units originally forming a fee lattice, while lower part shows the actual in-plane structures of the real polymers...

Bindra, C. Nalimova, V. A., and J. E. Fischer. 1998. In-plane structure and thermal (in)stability of LiC218 based on boron-doped graphite. Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 310 19-25. 

Large Sized Structures. With an increased amount of deposited material of 3 mg/cm2 and a blending ratio of PS PnBA = 3 7 (weight fraction of the blend component PS 0ps = 0.3) a larger in-plane structure results. A typical optical micrograph is shown in Fig. 8b. Small PS drops are embedded in a PnBA matrix [46], The statistical analysis of the optical micrographs yields a most prominent in-plane length A = 1.13 pm (shown by the red dot in Fig. 5a). 

Ultra-large Sized Structures. As shown in Fig. 5a, the increase in the weight fraction of the blend component PS to 0ps = 0.5 gives rise to strong increase in the resulting in-plane structure. The calculated most prominent in-plane length is 5.12 pm and shown in Fig. 5a with the blue circle. The increase coincides with a change in the appearance of the structure in the optical data (see Fig. 9b). 

The 0-261 diffraction scans elucidate the layered structure of the Sri xCaxCu02 materials. Electron diffraction can be used to complete the structural identification of these thin film materials. Electron diffraction patterns recorded along the [001] plane axis characterize the in-plane structure. An example of an electron diffraction pattern recorded on a Sro.7Cao.3Cu02 sample is shown in Figure 5. The diffraction peaks exhibit a square symmetry, as expected for the in-plane structure of the tetragonal infinite-layer phase. Simulations have been used to confirm this in-plane structure. Thus, the X-ray and electron diffraction measurements provide an imambiguous identification of the structure of these thin film materials. 

The in-plane structure of the interface is probed by measuring the scattered intensity as a function of the angle 26 (fig. 3.59). or, equivalently, as a function of the horizontal component of the wave-vector, If the molecules in the interface are arranged in a two-dimensional periodic structure, diffraction occurs when coincides with a reciprocal lattice vector fulfilling the Bragg condition... 

O.R. Melroy, M.G. Samant, G.L. Borges, J.G. Gordon, L. Blum, J.H. White, M.J. Albarelli, M. McMillan, H.D. Abruna, In-plane structure of underpotentially deposited copper on gold(lll) determined by surface EXAFS. Langmuir 4, 728-732, 1988. 

In the case of thin films or monolayers, two different techniques can be employed these are the total external-reflection Bragg diffraction (TERBD) technique introduced by Eisenberger and Marra and the previously mentioned technique based on crystal truncation rods, introduced by Robinson, which can provide in-plane structural information or information on interfacial roughness, respectively. 

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